In Vivo and In Vitro Study of Immunostimulation by Leuconostoc lactis -Produced Gluco-Oligosaccharides

Glycosyltransferase-producing CCK940 produces CCK- oligosaccharides, gluco-oligosaccharide molecules, using sucrose and maltose as donor and acceptor molecules, respectively. In this study, the immunostimulatory activities of CCK-oligosaccharides on RAW264.7 macrophages and BALB/c mice were evaluate...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-11, Vol.24 (21), p.3994
Main Authors: Lee, Sulhee, Song, In Ho, Park, Young-Seo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bacteria
c-Jun protein
Cell Line
Cholecystokinin
Cyclophosphamide
Cytokines
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases - metabolism
Functional foods & nutraceuticals
Glycosyltransferase
Immune system
Immunization - methods
Immunostimulation
In vivo methods and tests
Interleukin-10 - metabolism
Interleukin-6 - metabolism
JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism
JNK protein
Leuconostoc - metabolism
Leuconostoc lactis
Macrophages
Macrophages - drug effects
Macrophages - metabolism
Male
Maltose
MAP kinase
mapk signaling pathway
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Neutrophils
Nitric oxide
Oligosaccharides
Oligosaccharides - pharmacology
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism
Pathogens
Phagocytes
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis - drug effects
Phosphorylation - drug effects
Protein kinase
Proteins
RAW 264.7 Cells
Signal transduction
Signal Transduction - drug effects
Spleen
Sucrose
Transcription factors
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Tumor necrosis factor-α
Up-Regulation - drug effects
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c493t-36572c46c912aa00e14c086df11e852d9504a29799fa7b59665a10f84b6bd6e63
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c493t-36572c46c912aa00e14c086df11e852d9504a29799fa7b59665a10f84b6bd6e63
container_end_page
container_issue 21
container_start_page 3994
container_title Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
container_volume 24
creator Lee, Sulhee
Song, In Ho
Park, Young-Seo
description Glycosyltransferase-producing CCK940 produces CCK- oligosaccharides, gluco-oligosaccharide molecules, using sucrose and maltose as donor and acceptor molecules, respectively. In this study, the immunostimulatory activities of CCK-oligosaccharides on RAW264.7 macrophages and BALB/c mice were evaluated. CCK-oligosaccharides induced the expression of phosphorylated-p38, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and upregulation of phagocytic activity in RAW264.7 macrophages, suggesting their involvement in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and phagocytosis. When CCK-oligosaccharides were administered to mice intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide (CY), spleen indices and expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α increased, compared with those in only CY-treated group. These findings suggest that CCK-oligosaccharides can be used as an effective immunostimulating agent.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/molecules24213994
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_doaj_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_61537228d1304d2ea9c4aab4aff2c513</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_61537228d1304d2ea9c4aab4aff2c513</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>2549033300</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c493t-36572c46c912aa00e14c086df11e852d9504a29799fa7b59665a10f84b6bd6e63</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNplkl1rFTEQhoMotlZ_gDcS8Mab1Xzv5kaQovXAgRaq3obZJHuaQ3ZTk03h_Hv39NTSj6sZZt55mBlehN5T8plzTb6MKXpboy9MMMq1Fi_QMRWMNJwI_fJBfoTelLIlhFFB5Wt0xKnSgnbkGA2rCf8JNwnD5PBtPueEL-fqdjgNeDWOdUplDmONMIc04X6H177atK8miyPYORTcXOTkqvUOn8Wl2ZzHsEkFrL2CHJwvb9GrAWLx7-7iCfr94_uv05_N-vxsdfpt3Vih-dxwJVtmhbKaMgBCPBWWdMoNlPpOMqclEcB0q_UAbS-1UhIoGTrRq94pr_gJWh24LsHWXOcwQt6ZBMHcFlLeGMhzsNEbRSVvGescXT7kmAdtBUAvYBiYlZQvrK8H1nXtR--sn-YM8RH0cWcKV2aTbozqlFBsD_h0B8jpb_VlNmMo1scIk0-1GMYp60ir5H7vj0-k21TztLzKMCk04ZwTsqjoQWVzKiX74X4ZSszeEeaZI5aZDw-vuJ_4bwH-DxePtB0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2549033300</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>In Vivo and In Vitro Study of Immunostimulation by Leuconostoc lactis -Produced Gluco-Oligosaccharides</title><source>Publicly Available Content Database</source><source>PubMed Central(OpenAccess)</source><creator>Lee, Sulhee ; Song, In Ho ; Park, Young-Seo</creator><creatorcontrib>Lee, Sulhee ; Song, In Ho ; Park, Young-Seo</creatorcontrib><description>Glycosyltransferase-producing CCK940 produces CCK- oligosaccharides, gluco-oligosaccharide molecules, using sucrose and maltose as donor and acceptor molecules, respectively. In this study, the immunostimulatory activities of CCK-oligosaccharides on RAW264.7 macrophages and BALB/c mice were evaluated. CCK-oligosaccharides induced the expression of phosphorylated-p38, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and upregulation of phagocytic activity in RAW264.7 macrophages, suggesting their involvement in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and phagocytosis. When CCK-oligosaccharides were administered to mice intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide (CY), spleen indices and expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α increased, compared with those in only CY-treated group. These findings suggest that CCK-oligosaccharides can be used as an effective immunostimulating agent.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1420-3049</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1420-3049</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213994</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31694180</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Animals ; Bacteria ; c-Jun protein ; Cell Line ; Cholecystokinin ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cytokines ; Extracellular signal-regulated kinase ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases - metabolism ; Functional foods &amp; nutraceuticals ; Glycosyltransferase ; Immune system ; Immunization - methods ; Immunostimulation ; In vivo methods and tests ; Interleukin-10 - metabolism ; Interleukin-6 - metabolism ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism ; JNK protein ; Leuconostoc - metabolism ; Leuconostoc lactis ; Macrophages ; Macrophages - drug effects ; Macrophages - metabolism ; Male ; Maltose ; MAP kinase ; mapk signaling pathway ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neutrophils ; Nitric oxide ; Oligosaccharides ; Oligosaccharides - pharmacology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism ; Pathogens ; Phagocytes ; Phagocytosis ; Phagocytosis - drug effects ; Phosphorylation - drug effects ; Protein kinase ; Proteins ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Signal transduction ; Signal Transduction - drug effects ; Spleen ; Sucrose ; Transcription factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF ; Tumor necrosis factor-α ; Up-Regulation - drug effects</subject><ispartof>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2019-11, Vol.24 (21), p.3994</ispartof><rights>2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 by the authors. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c493t-36572c46c912aa00e14c086df11e852d9504a29799fa7b59665a10f84b6bd6e63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c493t-36572c46c912aa00e14c086df11e852d9504a29799fa7b59665a10f84b6bd6e63</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9481-128X ; 0000-0002-9930-4201</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2549033300/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2549033300?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31694180$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lee, Sulhee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, In Ho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Young-Seo</creatorcontrib><title>In Vivo and In Vitro Study of Immunostimulation by Leuconostoc lactis -Produced Gluco-Oligosaccharides</title><title>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)</title><addtitle>Molecules</addtitle><description>Glycosyltransferase-producing CCK940 produces CCK- oligosaccharides, gluco-oligosaccharide molecules, using sucrose and maltose as donor and acceptor molecules, respectively. In this study, the immunostimulatory activities of CCK-oligosaccharides on RAW264.7 macrophages and BALB/c mice were evaluated. CCK-oligosaccharides induced the expression of phosphorylated-p38, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and upregulation of phagocytic activity in RAW264.7 macrophages, suggesting their involvement in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and phagocytosis. When CCK-oligosaccharides were administered to mice intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide (CY), spleen indices and expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α increased, compared with those in only CY-treated group. These findings suggest that CCK-oligosaccharides can be used as an effective immunostimulating agent.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>c-Jun protein</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Cholecystokinin</subject><subject>Cyclophosphamide</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Extracellular signal-regulated kinase</subject><subject>Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases - metabolism</subject><subject>Functional foods &amp; nutraceuticals</subject><subject>Glycosyltransferase</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunization - methods</subject><subject>Immunostimulation</subject><subject>In vivo methods and tests</subject><subject>Interleukin-10 - metabolism</subject><subject>Interleukin-6 - metabolism</subject><subject>JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism</subject><subject>JNK protein</subject><subject>Leuconostoc - metabolism</subject><subject>Leuconostoc lactis</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>Macrophages - drug effects</subject><subject>Macrophages - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Maltose</subject><subject>MAP kinase</subject><subject>mapk signaling pathway</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred BALB C</subject><subject>Neutrophils</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Oligosaccharides</subject><subject>Oligosaccharides - pharmacology</subject><subject>p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Phagocytes</subject><subject>Phagocytosis</subject><subject>Phagocytosis - drug effects</subject><subject>Phosphorylation - drug effects</subject><subject>Protein kinase</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>RAW 264.7 Cells</subject><subject>Signal transduction</subject><subject>Signal Transduction - drug effects</subject><subject>Spleen</subject><subject>Sucrose</subject><subject>Transcription factors</subject><subject>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-α</subject><subject>Up-Regulation - drug effects</subject><issn>1420-3049</issn><issn>1420-3049</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNplkl1rFTEQhoMotlZ_gDcS8Mab1Xzv5kaQovXAgRaq3obZJHuaQ3ZTk03h_Hv39NTSj6sZZt55mBlehN5T8plzTb6MKXpboy9MMMq1Fi_QMRWMNJwI_fJBfoTelLIlhFFB5Wt0xKnSgnbkGA2rCf8JNwnD5PBtPueEL-fqdjgNeDWOdUplDmONMIc04X6H177atK8miyPYORTcXOTkqvUOn8Wl2ZzHsEkFrL2CHJwvb9GrAWLx7-7iCfr94_uv05_N-vxsdfpt3Vih-dxwJVtmhbKaMgBCPBWWdMoNlPpOMqclEcB0q_UAbS-1UhIoGTrRq94pr_gJWh24LsHWXOcwQt6ZBMHcFlLeGMhzsNEbRSVvGescXT7kmAdtBUAvYBiYlZQvrK8H1nXtR--sn-YM8RH0cWcKV2aTbozqlFBsD_h0B8jpb_VlNmMo1scIk0-1GMYp60ir5H7vj0-k21TztLzKMCk04ZwTsqjoQWVzKiX74X4ZSszeEeaZI5aZDw-vuJ_4bwH-DxePtB0</recordid><startdate>20191105</startdate><enddate>20191105</enddate><creator>Lee, Sulhee</creator><creator>Song, In Ho</creator><creator>Park, Young-Seo</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9481-128X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9930-4201</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20191105</creationdate><title>In Vivo and In Vitro Study of Immunostimulation by Leuconostoc lactis -Produced Gluco-Oligosaccharides</title><author>Lee, Sulhee ; Song, In Ho ; Park, Young-Seo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c493t-36572c46c912aa00e14c086df11e852d9504a29799fa7b59665a10f84b6bd6e63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>c-Jun protein</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>Cholecystokinin</topic><topic>Cyclophosphamide</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Extracellular signal-regulated kinase</topic><topic>Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases - metabolism</topic><topic>Functional foods &amp; nutraceuticals</topic><topic>Glycosyltransferase</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Immunization - methods</topic><topic>Immunostimulation</topic><topic>In vivo methods and tests</topic><topic>Interleukin-10 - metabolism</topic><topic>Interleukin-6 - metabolism</topic><topic>JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism</topic><topic>JNK protein</topic><topic>Leuconostoc - metabolism</topic><topic>Leuconostoc lactis</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>Macrophages - drug effects</topic><topic>Macrophages - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Maltose</topic><topic>MAP kinase</topic><topic>mapk signaling pathway</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred BALB C</topic><topic>Neutrophils</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>Oligosaccharides</topic><topic>Oligosaccharides - pharmacology</topic><topic>p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Phagocytes</topic><topic>Phagocytosis</topic><topic>Phagocytosis - drug effects</topic><topic>Phosphorylation - drug effects</topic><topic>Protein kinase</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>RAW 264.7 Cells</topic><topic>Signal transduction</topic><topic>Signal Transduction - drug effects</topic><topic>Spleen</topic><topic>Sucrose</topic><topic>Transcription factors</topic><topic>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-α</topic><topic>Up-Regulation - drug effects</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lee, Sulhee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, In Ho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Young-Seo</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest_Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lee, Sulhee</au><au>Song, In Ho</au><au>Park, Young-Seo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>In Vivo and In Vitro Study of Immunostimulation by Leuconostoc lactis -Produced Gluco-Oligosaccharides</atitle><jtitle>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle><addtitle>Molecules</addtitle><date>2019-11-05</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>21</issue><spage>3994</spage><pages>3994-</pages><issn>1420-3049</issn><eissn>1420-3049</eissn><abstract>Glycosyltransferase-producing CCK940 produces CCK- oligosaccharides, gluco-oligosaccharide molecules, using sucrose and maltose as donor and acceptor molecules, respectively. In this study, the immunostimulatory activities of CCK-oligosaccharides on RAW264.7 macrophages and BALB/c mice were evaluated. CCK-oligosaccharides induced the expression of phosphorylated-p38, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and upregulation of phagocytic activity in RAW264.7 macrophages, suggesting their involvement in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and phagocytosis. When CCK-oligosaccharides were administered to mice intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide (CY), spleen indices and expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α increased, compared with those in only CY-treated group. These findings suggest that CCK-oligosaccharides can be used as an effective immunostimulating agent.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>31694180</pmid><doi>10.3390/molecules24213994</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9481-128X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9930-4201</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1420-3049
ispartof Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2019-11, Vol.24 (21), p.3994
issn 1420-3049
1420-3049
language eng
recordid cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_61537228d1304d2ea9c4aab4aff2c513
source Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central(OpenAccess)
subjects Animals
Bacteria
c-Jun protein
Cell Line
Cholecystokinin
Cyclophosphamide
Cytokines
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases - metabolism
Functional foods & nutraceuticals
Glycosyltransferase
Immune system
Immunization - methods
Immunostimulation
In vivo methods and tests
Interleukin-10 - metabolism
Interleukin-6 - metabolism
JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism
JNK protein
Leuconostoc - metabolism
Leuconostoc lactis
Macrophages
Macrophages - drug effects
Macrophages - metabolism
Male
Maltose
MAP kinase
mapk signaling pathway
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Neutrophils
Nitric oxide
Oligosaccharides
Oligosaccharides - pharmacology
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism
Pathogens
Phagocytes
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis - drug effects
Phosphorylation - drug effects
Protein kinase
Proteins
RAW 264.7 Cells
Signal transduction
Signal Transduction - drug effects
Spleen
Sucrose
Transcription factors
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Tumor necrosis factor-α
Up-Regulation - drug effects
title In Vivo and In Vitro Study of Immunostimulation by Leuconostoc lactis -Produced Gluco-Oligosaccharides
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-26T01%3A11%3A20IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_doaj_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In%20Vivo%20and%20In%20Vitro%20Study%20of%20Immunostimulation%20by%20Leuconostoc%20lactis%20-Produced%20Gluco-Oligosaccharides&rft.jtitle=Molecules%20(Basel,%20Switzerland)&rft.au=Lee,%20Sulhee&rft.date=2019-11-05&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=3994&rft.pages=3994-&rft.issn=1420-3049&rft.eissn=1420-3049&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/molecules24213994&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_doaj_%3E2549033300%3C/proquest_doaj_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c493t-36572c46c912aa00e14c086df11e852d9504a29799fa7b59665a10f84b6bd6e63%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2549033300&rft_id=info:pmid/31694180&rfr_iscdi=true