Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Immune Microenvironment and Cancer Immunotherapy

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by almost all cells. They contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids which are delivered from the parent cells to the recipient cells. Thereby, they function as mediators of intercellular communication and molecular transfer. Recent evidences suggest that e...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced science 2019-12, Vol.6 (24), p.1901779-n/a
Main Authors: Xie, Feng, Zhou, Xiaoxue, Fang, Meiyu, Li, Heyu, Su, Peng, Tu, Yifei, Zhang, Long, Zhou, Fangfang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigen presentation
anti‐tumor immunity
Biosynthesis
Cancer
cancer immunotherapy
Communication
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Enzymes
exosomes
Extracellular vesicles
Kinases
Lipids
Metabolism
Metabolites
Metastasis
MicroRNAs
Mitochondrial DNA
Proteins
Review
Reviews
Signal transduction
tumor microenvironment
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by almost all cells. They contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids which are delivered from the parent cells to the recipient cells. Thereby, they function as mediators of intercellular communication and molecular transfer. Recent evidences suggest that exosomes, a small subset of EVs, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes and play essential roles in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment even before the occurrence and metastasis of cancer. Exosomes derived from tumor cells and host cells mediate their mutual regulation locally or remotely, thereby determining the responsiveness of cancer therapies. As such, tumor‐derived circulating exosomes are considered as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of tumor. Exosome‐based therapies are also emerging as cutting‐edge and promising strategies that could be applied to suppress tumor progression or enhance anti‐tumor immunity. Herein, the current understanding of exosomes and their key roles in modulating immune responses, as well as their potential therapeutic applications are outlined. The limitations of current studies are also presented and directions for future research are described. Exosomes derived from tumor cells and host cells play crucial roles in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment, thereby determining the responsiveness of cancer therapies. In addition to being used as delivery carriers, exosomes are considered as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of tumors. Exosome‐based therapies are emerging as promising strategies to suppress tumor progression or enhance anti‐tumor immunity.
ISSN:2198-3844
2198-3844
DOI:10.1002/advs.201901779