Evaluation of Forward Osmosis and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis with a Tubular Membrane for the Concentration of Municipal Wastewater and the Production of Biogas

Currently, freshwater scarcity is one of the main issues that the world population has to face. To address this issue, new wastewater treatment technologies have been developed such as membrane processes. Among them, due to the energy disadvantages of pressure-driven membrane processes, Forward Osmo...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Membranes (Basel) 2023-02, Vol.13 (3), p.266
Main Authors: Salamanca, Mónica, Palacio, Laura, Hernandez, Antonio, Peña, Mar, Prádanos, Pedro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alternative energy sources
Biogas
biogas production
Biomass energy
Comparative analysis
Desalination
Energy recovery
Energy resources
Experiments
Flow rates
Flow velocity
forward osmosis (FO)
Fouling
Low pressure
low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO)
Membrane processes
Membranes
Municipal wastewater
Organic matter
Osmosis
Pressure
Purification
Reverse osmosis
Sewage
tubular membrane
Wastewater
Wastewater treatment
Water scarcity
Water treatment
World population
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-ac6ea599994b3c595ed58ac402c4b59fb848cbca762d62c96ac0a20cb6e8f2ad3
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-ac6ea599994b3c595ed58ac402c4b59fb848cbca762d62c96ac0a20cb6e8f2ad3
container_end_page
container_issue 3
container_start_page 266
container_title Membranes (Basel)
container_volume 13
creator Salamanca, Mónica
Palacio, Laura
Hernandez, Antonio
Peña, Mar
Prádanos, Pedro
description Currently, freshwater scarcity is one of the main issues that the world population has to face. To address this issue, new wastewater treatment technologies have been developed such as membrane processes. Among them, due to the energy disadvantages of pressure-driven membrane processes, Forward Osmosis (FO) and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis (LPRO) have been introduced as promising alternatives. In this study, the behavior of a 2.3 m tubular membrane TFO-D90 when working with municipal wastewater has been studied. Its performances have been evaluated and compared in two operating modes such as FO and LPRO. Parameters such as fouling, flow rates, water flux, draw solution concentration, organic matter concentration, as well as its recovery have been studied. In addition, the biogas production capacity has been evaluated with the concentrated municipal wastewater obtained from each process. The results of this study indicate that the membrane can work in both processes (FO and LPRO) but, from the energy and productivity point of view, FO is considered more appropriate mainly due to its lower fouling level. This research may offer a new point of view on low-energy and energy recovery wastewater treatment and the applicability of FO and LPRO for wastewater concentration.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/membranes13030266
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>gale_doaj_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_61d59510b2dd46c2ba7d153cb2f21b14</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A743767719</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_61d59510b2dd46c2ba7d153cb2f21b14</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A743767719</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-ac6ea599994b3c595ed58ac402c4b59fb848cbca762d62c96ac0a20cb6e8f2ad3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNplUs1uEzEQXiEQrUofgAuyxIVLin_W3uwJlaiFSqlaoSKO1tieTRztrou9m6iPw5viNGnUwvhga_z9zIymKN4zeiZETT932JkIPSYmqKBcqVfFMadVNaGikq-fvY-K05RWNIeiUgn6tjgSqp6WSorj4s_FGtoRBh96EhpyGeIGoiM3qQvJJwK9I_OwmdxGTGmMSH7gGmPCA2DjhyUBcjeasYVIrvdFkSZEMiyRzEJvsR_iweF67L3199CSX5AG3MCA8dFmi76NwY32CfrVhwWkd8WbBtqEp_v7pPh5eXE3-z6Z33y7mp3PJ1YKMUzAKgRZ5yiNsLKW6OQUbEm5LY2sGzMtp9ZYqBR3ittagaXAqTUKpw0HJ06Kq52uC7DS99F3EB90AK8fEyEuNMTB2xa1Yi4bMGq4c6Wy3EDlmBTW8IYzw8qs9WWndT-aDt1uAu0L0Zc_vV_qRVhrRqlkXLKs8GmvEMPvEdOgO58stm0ebhiT5lXNJRVCVBn68R_oKoyxz7PaophSNWc0o852qAXkDnzfhGxs83HYeRt6bHzOn1elqFRVsToT2I5gY0gpYnMon1G93UD93wZmzofnfR8YT_sm_gLDHdw9</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2791669210</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Evaluation of Forward Osmosis and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis with a Tubular Membrane for the Concentration of Municipal Wastewater and the Production of Biogas</title><source>Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Salamanca, Mónica ; Palacio, Laura ; Hernandez, Antonio ; Peña, Mar ; Prádanos, Pedro</creator><creatorcontrib>Salamanca, Mónica ; Palacio, Laura ; Hernandez, Antonio ; Peña, Mar ; Prádanos, Pedro</creatorcontrib><description>Currently, freshwater scarcity is one of the main issues that the world population has to face. To address this issue, new wastewater treatment technologies have been developed such as membrane processes. Among them, due to the energy disadvantages of pressure-driven membrane processes, Forward Osmosis (FO) and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis (LPRO) have been introduced as promising alternatives. In this study, the behavior of a 2.3 m tubular membrane TFO-D90 when working with municipal wastewater has been studied. Its performances have been evaluated and compared in two operating modes such as FO and LPRO. Parameters such as fouling, flow rates, water flux, draw solution concentration, organic matter concentration, as well as its recovery have been studied. In addition, the biogas production capacity has been evaluated with the concentrated municipal wastewater obtained from each process. The results of this study indicate that the membrane can work in both processes (FO and LPRO) but, from the energy and productivity point of view, FO is considered more appropriate mainly due to its lower fouling level. This research may offer a new point of view on low-energy and energy recovery wastewater treatment and the applicability of FO and LPRO for wastewater concentration.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2077-0375</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2077-0375</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030266</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36984653</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Alternative energy sources ; Biogas ; biogas production ; Biomass energy ; Comparative analysis ; Desalination ; Energy recovery ; Energy resources ; Experiments ; Flow rates ; Flow velocity ; forward osmosis (FO) ; Fouling ; Low pressure ; low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) ; Membrane processes ; Membranes ; Municipal wastewater ; Organic matter ; Osmosis ; Pressure ; Purification ; Reverse osmosis ; Sewage ; tubular membrane ; Wastewater ; Wastewater treatment ; Water scarcity ; Water treatment ; World population</subject><ispartof>Membranes (Basel), 2023-02, Vol.13 (3), p.266</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-ac6ea599994b3c595ed58ac402c4b59fb848cbca762d62c96ac0a20cb6e8f2ad3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-ac6ea599994b3c595ed58ac402c4b59fb848cbca762d62c96ac0a20cb6e8f2ad3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9886-9553 ; 0000-0001-8939-8518</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2791669210/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2791669210?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36984653$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Salamanca, Mónica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palacio, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hernandez, Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peña, Mar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prádanos, Pedro</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of Forward Osmosis and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis with a Tubular Membrane for the Concentration of Municipal Wastewater and the Production of Biogas</title><title>Membranes (Basel)</title><addtitle>Membranes (Basel)</addtitle><description>Currently, freshwater scarcity is one of the main issues that the world population has to face. To address this issue, new wastewater treatment technologies have been developed such as membrane processes. Among them, due to the energy disadvantages of pressure-driven membrane processes, Forward Osmosis (FO) and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis (LPRO) have been introduced as promising alternatives. In this study, the behavior of a 2.3 m tubular membrane TFO-D90 when working with municipal wastewater has been studied. Its performances have been evaluated and compared in two operating modes such as FO and LPRO. Parameters such as fouling, flow rates, water flux, draw solution concentration, organic matter concentration, as well as its recovery have been studied. In addition, the biogas production capacity has been evaluated with the concentrated municipal wastewater obtained from each process. The results of this study indicate that the membrane can work in both processes (FO and LPRO) but, from the energy and productivity point of view, FO is considered more appropriate mainly due to its lower fouling level. This research may offer a new point of view on low-energy and energy recovery wastewater treatment and the applicability of FO and LPRO for wastewater concentration.</description><subject>Alternative energy sources</subject><subject>Biogas</subject><subject>biogas production</subject><subject>Biomass energy</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Desalination</subject><subject>Energy recovery</subject><subject>Energy resources</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Flow rates</subject><subject>Flow velocity</subject><subject>forward osmosis (FO)</subject><subject>Fouling</subject><subject>Low pressure</subject><subject>low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO)</subject><subject>Membrane processes</subject><subject>Membranes</subject><subject>Municipal wastewater</subject><subject>Organic matter</subject><subject>Osmosis</subject><subject>Pressure</subject><subject>Purification</subject><subject>Reverse osmosis</subject><subject>Sewage</subject><subject>tubular membrane</subject><subject>Wastewater</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment</subject><subject>Water scarcity</subject><subject>Water treatment</subject><subject>World population</subject><issn>2077-0375</issn><issn>2077-0375</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNplUs1uEzEQXiEQrUofgAuyxIVLin_W3uwJlaiFSqlaoSKO1tieTRztrou9m6iPw5viNGnUwvhga_z9zIymKN4zeiZETT932JkIPSYmqKBcqVfFMadVNaGikq-fvY-K05RWNIeiUgn6tjgSqp6WSorj4s_FGtoRBh96EhpyGeIGoiM3qQvJJwK9I_OwmdxGTGmMSH7gGmPCA2DjhyUBcjeasYVIrvdFkSZEMiyRzEJvsR_iweF67L3199CSX5AG3MCA8dFmi76NwY32CfrVhwWkd8WbBtqEp_v7pPh5eXE3-z6Z33y7mp3PJ1YKMUzAKgRZ5yiNsLKW6OQUbEm5LY2sGzMtp9ZYqBR3ittagaXAqTUKpw0HJ06Kq52uC7DS99F3EB90AK8fEyEuNMTB2xa1Yi4bMGq4c6Wy3EDlmBTW8IYzw8qs9WWndT-aDt1uAu0L0Zc_vV_qRVhrRqlkXLKs8GmvEMPvEdOgO58stm0ebhiT5lXNJRVCVBn68R_oKoyxz7PaophSNWc0o852qAXkDnzfhGxs83HYeRt6bHzOn1elqFRVsToT2I5gY0gpYnMon1G93UD93wZmzofnfR8YT_sm_gLDHdw9</recordid><startdate>20230223</startdate><enddate>20230223</enddate><creator>Salamanca, Mónica</creator><creator>Palacio, Laura</creator><creator>Hernandez, Antonio</creator><creator>Peña, Mar</creator><creator>Prádanos, Pedro</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9886-9553</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-8518</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230223</creationdate><title>Evaluation of Forward Osmosis and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis with a Tubular Membrane for the Concentration of Municipal Wastewater and the Production of Biogas</title><author>Salamanca, Mónica ; Palacio, Laura ; Hernandez, Antonio ; Peña, Mar ; Prádanos, Pedro</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-ac6ea599994b3c595ed58ac402c4b59fb848cbca762d62c96ac0a20cb6e8f2ad3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Alternative energy sources</topic><topic>Biogas</topic><topic>biogas production</topic><topic>Biomass energy</topic><topic>Comparative analysis</topic><topic>Desalination</topic><topic>Energy recovery</topic><topic>Energy resources</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Flow rates</topic><topic>Flow velocity</topic><topic>forward osmosis (FO)</topic><topic>Fouling</topic><topic>Low pressure</topic><topic>low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO)</topic><topic>Membrane processes</topic><topic>Membranes</topic><topic>Municipal wastewater</topic><topic>Organic matter</topic><topic>Osmosis</topic><topic>Pressure</topic><topic>Purification</topic><topic>Reverse osmosis</topic><topic>Sewage</topic><topic>tubular membrane</topic><topic>Wastewater</topic><topic>Wastewater treatment</topic><topic>Water scarcity</topic><topic>Water treatment</topic><topic>World population</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Salamanca, Mónica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palacio, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hernandez, Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peña, Mar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prádanos, Pedro</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics &amp; Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical &amp; Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest - Health &amp; Medical Complete保健、医学与药学数据库</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science &amp; Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology &amp; Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering collection</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Membranes (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Salamanca, Mónica</au><au>Palacio, Laura</au><au>Hernandez, Antonio</au><au>Peña, Mar</au><au>Prádanos, Pedro</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of Forward Osmosis and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis with a Tubular Membrane for the Concentration of Municipal Wastewater and the Production of Biogas</atitle><jtitle>Membranes (Basel)</jtitle><addtitle>Membranes (Basel)</addtitle><date>2023-02-23</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>266</spage><pages>266-</pages><issn>2077-0375</issn><eissn>2077-0375</eissn><abstract>Currently, freshwater scarcity is one of the main issues that the world population has to face. To address this issue, new wastewater treatment technologies have been developed such as membrane processes. Among them, due to the energy disadvantages of pressure-driven membrane processes, Forward Osmosis (FO) and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis (LPRO) have been introduced as promising alternatives. In this study, the behavior of a 2.3 m tubular membrane TFO-D90 when working with municipal wastewater has been studied. Its performances have been evaluated and compared in two operating modes such as FO and LPRO. Parameters such as fouling, flow rates, water flux, draw solution concentration, organic matter concentration, as well as its recovery have been studied. In addition, the biogas production capacity has been evaluated with the concentrated municipal wastewater obtained from each process. The results of this study indicate that the membrane can work in both processes (FO and LPRO) but, from the energy and productivity point of view, FO is considered more appropriate mainly due to its lower fouling level. This research may offer a new point of view on low-energy and energy recovery wastewater treatment and the applicability of FO and LPRO for wastewater concentration.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>36984653</pmid><doi>10.3390/membranes13030266</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9886-9553</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-8518</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 2077-0375
ispartof Membranes (Basel), 2023-02, Vol.13 (3), p.266
issn 2077-0375
2077-0375
language eng
recordid cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_61d59510b2dd46c2ba7d153cb2f21b14
source Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3); PubMed Central
subjects Alternative energy sources
Biogas
biogas production
Biomass energy
Comparative analysis
Desalination
Energy recovery
Energy resources
Experiments
Flow rates
Flow velocity
forward osmosis (FO)
Fouling
Low pressure
low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO)
Membrane processes
Membranes
Municipal wastewater
Organic matter
Osmosis
Pressure
Purification
Reverse osmosis
Sewage
tubular membrane
Wastewater
Wastewater treatment
Water scarcity
Water treatment
World population
title Evaluation of Forward Osmosis and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis with a Tubular Membrane for the Concentration of Municipal Wastewater and the Production of Biogas
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-06T14%3A43%3A52IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_doaj_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evaluation%20of%20Forward%20Osmosis%20and%20Low-Pressure%20Reverse%20Osmosis%20with%20a%20Tubular%20Membrane%20for%20the%20Concentration%20of%20Municipal%20Wastewater%20and%20the%20Production%20of%20Biogas&rft.jtitle=Membranes%20(Basel)&rft.au=Salamanca,%20M%C3%B3nica&rft.date=2023-02-23&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=266&rft.pages=266-&rft.issn=2077-0375&rft.eissn=2077-0375&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/membranes13030266&rft_dat=%3Cgale_doaj_%3EA743767719%3C/gale_doaj_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-ac6ea599994b3c595ed58ac402c4b59fb848cbca762d62c96ac0a20cb6e8f2ad3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2791669210&rft_id=info:pmid/36984653&rft_galeid=A743767719&rfr_iscdi=true