Neonatal Screening for Sickle Cell Disease in Congo

Introduction. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder due to the mutation of a gene coding for the globin beta chain. The aim of this study is to update the epidemiological data on hemoglobinoses, in particular sickle cell disease in newborns in Congo. Materials and Methods....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Anemia 2022-02, Vol.2022, p.9970315-6
Main Authors: Dokekias, Alexis Elira, Ocko Gokaba, Lethso Thibaut, Louokdom, Josué Simo, Ocini, Lydie Ngolet, Galiba Atipo Tsiba, Firmine Olivia, Ondzotto Ibatta, Coreillia Irène, Kouandzi, Quentin Ngoma, Tamekue, Serge Talomg, Bango, Jayne Chelsea, Nziengui Mboumba, Jade Vanessa, Kobawila, Simon Charles
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chromatography
Departments
Epidemiology
Hemoglobin
Infants (Newborn)
Medical research
Medical screening
Medicine, Experimental
Newborn babies
Sample size
Sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell disease
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Summary:Introduction. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder due to the mutation of a gene coding for the globin beta chain. The aim of this study is to update the epidemiological data on hemoglobinoses, in particular sickle cell disease in newborns in Congo. Materials and Methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted from October 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020, throughout the Congolese national territory. It involved all full-term newborns, without distinction of nationality, aged 5 days or less, and whose parents consented to participate in the study. The blood samples, taken at the heel and collected on Whatman blotting paper, were analyzed using the HPLC Variant NBS machine. Results. In 2897 newborns (NN) screened, hemoglobin abnormalities were found in 603 NN (20.81%). The mean age of these newborns was 1 day (extremes 0 and 5 days). The male-to-female ratio was 1.03. Abnormal hemoglobins were mainly Hb S (n = 597 (97.71%)); Hb C (n = 5 (0.82%)); and variants (n = 7 (1.15%)). The national prevalence of major sickle cell (MSC) syndromes and sickle cell trait was 1.35% and 19.43%, respectively. The prevalence ranged from 1.77% to 2.56% for MSS in four departments and from 20.5% to 25.8% for the sickle cell trait in six other departments. Conclusion. Data on homozygous sickle cell disease remain consistent with previous studies. However, further studies should clarify the molecular anomalies of the variants observed in our samples.
ISSN:2090-1267
2090-1275
DOI:10.1155/2022/9970315