Surprising sounds influence risky decision making

• Published in: Nature communications 2024-09, Vol.15 (1), p.8027-15, Article 8027
• Main Authors: Feng, Gloria W., Rutledge, Robb B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 631/378/116; 631/477; 631/477/2811; Acoustic Stimulation; Adolescent; Adult; Auditory Perception - physiology; Bias; Choice Behavior - physiology; Decision making; Decision Making - physiology; Dopamine; Errors; Female; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Male; Mental task performance; multidisciplinary; Noise prediction; Risk; Risk taking; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Sound; Statistics; Stereotyped behavior; Uncertainty; Young Adult
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51729-4

Adaptive behavior depends on appropriate responses to environmental uncertainty. Incidental sensory events might simply be distracting and increase errors, but alternatively can lead to stereotyped responses despite their irrelevance. To evaluate these possibilities, we test whether task-irrelevant sensory prediction errors influence risky decision making in humans across seven experiments (total n  = 1600). Rare auditory sequences preceding option presentation systematically increase risk taking and decrease choice perseveration (i.e., increased tendency to switch away from previously chosen options). The risk-taking and perseveration effects are dissociable by manipulating auditory statistics: when rare sequences end on standard tones, including when rare sequences consist only of standard tones, participants are less likely to perseverate after rare sequences but not more likely to take risks. Computational modeling reveals that these effects cannot be explained by increased decision noise but can be explained by value-independent risky bias and perseveration parameters, decision biases previously linked to dopamine. Control experiments demonstrate that both surprise effects can be eliminated when tone sequences are presented in a balanced or fully predictable manner, and that surprise effects cannot be explained by erroneous beliefs. These findings suggest that incidental sounds may influence many of the decisions we make in daily life. “People can quickly respond to surprising sensory events in the environment. Here, the authors show that surprising sounds, even when they are irrelevant, systematically increase risk taking, and this effect can be eliminated by changing the sensory statistics of the environment.”