Daily Intake of Protein from Cod Residual Material Lowers Serum Concentrations of Nonesterified Fatty Acids in Overweight Healthy Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind Pilot Study

• Published in: Marine drugs 2018-06, Vol.16 (6), p.197
• Main Authors: Vildmyren, Iselin, Cao, Huy John Vu, Haug, Lina Bowitz, Valand, Ida Ulrikke, Eng, Øyvin, Oterhals, Åge, Austgulen, Maren Hoff, Halstensen, Alfred, Mellgren, Gunnar, Gudbrandsen, Oddrun A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acyltransferase; Adipose tissue; Adult; Adults; Animals; Blood Glucose - drug effects; Body weight; cod; Control; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Double-blind studies; Fasting; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood; Female; Fish fillets; Fish skin; Fishing; Fishing vessels; Gadiformes - metabolism; Gene expression; Glucose; glucose regulation; Humans; Insulin; Lipid Metabolism - drug effects; Male; Metabolites; Middle Aged; Obesity; Obesity - blood; overweight; Overweight - blood; Pilot Projects; Postprandial Period - drug effects; protein supplement; Proteins; Proteins - administration & dosage; Randomization; residual material; Seafoods; Serum; Stickwater; Supplements; Tablets; Tissue; Triglycerides - blood
• ISSN: 1660-3397; 1660-3397
• DOI: 10.3390/md16060197

Improved process technologies have allowed fishing vessels to utilize residuals from cod fillet production (head, backbone, skin, cuttings, and entrails) and convert this to high-quality protein powders for human consumption. In this double-blind pilot study, 42 healthy overweight or obese adults were randomized to three experimental groups consuming tablets corresponding to 6 g/day of proteins from cod residuals as presscake meal (Cod-PC), presscake and stickwater meal (Cod-PCW), or placebo tablets (control) for eight weeks. The primary outcome of this study was changes in metabolites related to glucose regulation in overweight or obese healthy adults after intake of proteins from cod residuals. Cod-PC supplementation decreased postprandial serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration and increased gene expressions of diglyceride acyltransferase 1 and 2 in subcutaneous adipose tissue compared with controls. Fasting insulin increased while fasting NEFA and 120-min postprandial glucose decreased within the Cod-PC group, but these changes did not differ from the other groups. In conclusion, supplementation with Cod-PC beneficially affected postprandial serum NEFA concentration compared with the other groups in overweight or obese adults. Supplementation with Cod-PCW, which contains a higher fraction of water-soluble protein compared to Cod-PC, did not affect serum markers of glucose regulation.