The Gut-Wrenching Effects of Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis in Children

species and are infectious intestinal protozoan pathogens that cause alarming rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Children are more likely to have clinical symptoms due to their less developed immune systems and factors such as undernutrition, especially in low- and middle-income countries....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microorganisms (Basel) 2023-09, Vol.11 (9), p.2323
Main Authors: Prabakaran, Mayuri, Weible, Lyssa J, Champlain, Joshua D, Jiang, Ryan Ye, Biondi, Katalina, Weil, Ana A, Van Voorhis, Wesley C, Ojo, Kayode K
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial activity
Children
children’s gut health
Cognition
Complications and side effects
Cryptosporidiosis
cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis
Cryptosporidium
Cysts
Diarrhea
Digestive system
Diseases
Drug development
Epithelial cells
Epithelium
Food contamination & poisoning
Gastroenteritis
Gastrointestinal tract
Genotype & phenotype
Giardia
Giardiasis
gut microbiota
Health aspects
Immune system
immunocompromised
Immunosuppressive agents
Infections
Intestinal microflora
Intestine
Intestines
Long-term effects
Malnutrition
Microbiomes
Morbidity
Morphology
Nutrients
Parasites
Pathogens
Physiological aspects
Protozoa
Public health
Review
Rotavirus
Small intestine
Undernutrition
Viruses
Zoonoses
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Description
Summary:species and are infectious intestinal protozoan pathogens that cause alarming rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Children are more likely to have clinical symptoms due to their less developed immune systems and factors such as undernutrition, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The severity of the symptoms and clinical manifestations in children may vary from asymptomatic to life-threatening depending on the species/ strains and the resulting complex stepwise interactions between the parasite, the host nutritional and immunologic status, and the gut microbiome profile. Structural damages inflicted by both parasites to epithelial cells in the large and small intestines could severely impair children's gut health, including the ability to absorb nutrients, resulting in stunted growth, diminished neurocognitive development, and other long-term effects. Clinically approved cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis drugs have broad antimicrobial effects that have incomprehensible impacts on growing children's gut health.
ISSN:2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI:10.3390/microorganisms11092323