The Application of Terahertz Technology in Corneas and Corneal Diseases: A Systematic Review

Terahertz (THz) waves reside in the electromagnetic spectrum between the microwave and infrared bands. In recent decades, THz technology has demonstrated its potential for biomedical applications. With the highly unique characteristics of THz waves, such as the high sensitivity to water and optimal...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bioengineering (Basel) 2025-01, Vol.12 (1), p.45
Main Authors: Chow, Bing Jie, Liu, Chang, Yu, Mingyi, Xin Yu Lee, Isabelle, Mehta, Jodhbir S, Wu, Qing Yang Steve, Wong Kay Ting, Regina, Lin, Ke, Liu, Yu-Chi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical materials
Burns
Cornea
corneal hydration
corneal scars
corneas
dry eye
Endothelium
Eye diseases
Hydration
Infrared radiation
Liver cancer
Moisture content
Mortality
Ophthalmology
Radiation
Skin cancer
Spatial discrimination
Spatial resolution
Spectrum analysis
Systematic Review
terahertz
Terahertz frequencies
Tissues
Water
Water content
Waves
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Summary:Terahertz (THz) waves reside in the electromagnetic spectrum between the microwave and infrared bands. In recent decades, THz technology has demonstrated its potential for biomedical applications. With the highly unique characteristics of THz waves, such as the high sensitivity to water and optimal spatial resolution coupled with the characteristics of the human cornea, such as its high water content, THz technology has been explored as a potential modality to assess corneas and corneal diseases. This systematic review provides an overview of the characteristics of THz waves, the safety profile of THz technology in the field of ophthalmology, and its clinical applications, including the objective evaluation of the corneal hydration, tear film, dry eye disease, corneal endothelium, corneal elasticity, and scarring. The paper also presents our viewpoint on the present challenges and future directions of THz technology prior to its broader integration into clinical practice.
ISSN:2306-5354
2306-5354
DOI:10.3390/bioengineering12010045