Characteristics of Ozone Pollution, Regional Distribution and Causes during 2014–2018 in Shandong Province, East China

The summer ozone pollution of Shandong province has become a severe problem in the period 2014–2018. Affected by the monsoon climate, the monthly average ozone concentrations in most areas were unimodal, with peaks in June, whereas in coastal areas the concentrations were bimodal, with the highest p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Atmosphere 2019-09, Vol.10 (9), p.501
Main Authors: Zhang, Ji, Wang, Chao, Qu, Kai, Ding, Jiewei, Shang, Yiqun, Liu, Houfeng, Wei, Min
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air pollution
Air temperature
Area
Chemical industry
Cluster analysis
Clustering
Coastal circulation
Coastal zone
Correlation analysis
Distribution
Distribution patterns
Empirical analysis
industrial emission
Industry
meteorological condition
Monsoon climates
Mountain regions
Mountains
Nitrogen compounds
Nitrogen oxides
Nitrogen oxides emissions
Organic chemistry
Orthogonal functions
Outdoor air quality
Ozone
Ozone concentration
Petroleum
Petroleum industry
Pollution
regional distribution
Solar radiation
Spatial analysis
Spatial distribution
Vehicle emissions
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds
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Summary:The summer ozone pollution of Shandong province has become a severe problem in the period 2014–2018. Affected by the monsoon climate, the monthly average ozone concentrations in most areas were unimodal, with peaks in June, whereas in coastal areas the concentrations were bimodal, with the highest peak in May and the second highest peak in September. Using the empirical orthogonal function method, three main spatial distribution patterns were found. The most important pattern proved the influences of solar radiation, temperature, and industrial structure on ozone. Spatial clustering analysis of the ozone concentration showed Shandong divided into five units, including Peninsula Coastal area (PC), Lunan inland area (LN), Western Bohai area (WB), Luxi plain area (LX), and Luzhong mountain area (LZ). Influenced by air temperature and local circulation, coastal cities had lower daytime and higher nighttime ozone concentrations than inland. Correlation analysis suggested that ozone concentrations were significantly positively correlated with solar radiation. The VOCs from industries or other sources (e.g., traffic emission, petroleum processing, and chemical industries) had high positive correlations with ozone concentrations, whereas NOx emissions had significantly negatively correlation. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of ozone pollution and theoretical reference for regional management of ozone pollution in Shandong province.
ISSN:2073-4433
2073-4433
DOI:10.3390/atmos10090501