Organophosphate esters in indoor dust from 12 countries: Concentrations, composition profiles, and human exposure

A total of 20 organophosphate triesters (OPEs), including seven alkyl-OPEs, three chlorinated (Cl)-OPEs, seven aryl-OPEs, and three oligomeric-OPEs were measured in 341 house dust samples collected from 12 countries during the period 2010–2014. OPEs were ubiquitous in indoor dust, and the total conc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environment international 2019-12, Vol.133 (Pt A), p.105178, Article 105178
Main Authors: Li, Wenhui, Wang, Yu, Asimakopoulos, Alexandros G., Covaci, Adrian, Gevao, Bondi, Johnson-Restrepo, Boris, Kumosani, Taha A., Malarvannan, Govindan, Moon, Hyo-Bang, Nakata, Haruhiko, Sinha, Ravindra K., Tran, Tri Manh, Kannan, Kurunthachalam
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis
Dust - analysis
Eating
Environmental Exposure
Esters - analysis
Global trend
Human exposure
Humans
Indoor dust
Organophosphates - analysis
Organophosphorus flame retardants
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Summary:A total of 20 organophosphate triesters (OPEs), including seven alkyl-OPEs, three chlorinated (Cl)-OPEs, seven aryl-OPEs, and three oligomeric-OPEs were measured in 341 house dust samples collected from 12 countries during the period 2010–2014. OPEs were ubiquitous in indoor dust, and the total concentrations of OPEs (∑OPEs; sum of 20 OPEs) ranged from 49.4 to 249,000 ng/g dry weight (dw). Generally, Cl-OPEs were the predominant compounds (51% of total) in indoor dust samples, with a median concentration of 800 ng/g, followed by alkyl-OPEs (31%), aryl-OPEs (17%), and oligomeric-OPEs (1%), with median concentrations of 480, 270, and 21.9 ng/g, respectively. ∑OPE concentrations in indoor dust from more industrialized countries (South Korea: median, 31,300; Japan: 29,800; and the United States: 26,500 ng/g dw) were one or two orders of magnitude higher than those from less industrialized countries (Greece: 7140, Saudi Arabia: 5310, Kuwait: 4420, Romania: 4110, Vietnam: 1190, China: 1120, Colombia: 374, India: 276, and Pakistan: 138 ng/g dw). Statistically significant positive correlations (0.114 
ISSN:0160-4120
1873-6750
DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105178