In Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of Gliricidia sepium , Leucaena leucocephala , and Pithecellobium dulce : Fingerprint Analysis of Extracts by UHPLC-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-06, Vol.25 (13), p.3002
• Main Authors: Romero, Néstor, Areche, Carlos, Cubides-Cárdenas, Jaime, Escobar, Natalia, García-Beltrán, Olimpo, Simirgiotis, Mario J, Céspedes, Ángel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; anthelminthic; Anthelmintic agents; Anthelmintics - pharmacology; Anthraquinone; Anthraquinones; Antiparasitic agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Eggs; Environmental impact; Fabaceae - chemistry; Fabaceae - classification; Flavonoids; Flavonoids - pharmacology; Flowers & plants; Gliricidia sepium; Glycosides; Haemonchus - drug effects; Haemonchus - growth & development; Haemonchus contortus; Hatching; High performance liquid chromatography; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal parasites; Larva - drug effects; Larva - growth & development; Leucaena leucocephala; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Nematodes; Phenolic acids; Phenols; Phenylpropanoids; Pithecellobium dulce; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Sheep; Spectroscopy; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; UHPLC-MS
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133002

In the present work, the anthelmintic activity (AA) of ethanolic extracts obtained from , , and was evaluated using the third-stage-larval (L ) exsheathment inhibition test (LEIT) and egg hatch test (EHT) on . Extracts were tested at concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.5, 5.0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/mL. The larval exsheathment inhibition (LEI) results showed that achieved the highest average inhibition of 91.2%, compared with 44.6% for and 41.0% for at a concentration of 40 mg/mL; the corresponding IC values were 22.4, 41.7, and 43.3 mg/mL, respectively. The rates of egg hatching inhibition (EHI) at a concentration of 5 mg/mL were 99.5% for , 64.2% for , and 54% for ; the corresponding IC values were 1.9 mg/mL for , 3.9 mg/mL for , and 4.3 mg/mL for . The species extracts studied here were also analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS), resulting in the compounds' identification associated with AA. Glycosylated flavonoids and methoxyphenols were observed in all three species: fatty acids in and ; phenylpropanoids, anthraquinone glycosides, amino acids and glycosylated phenolic acids in ; and flavonoids in Comparatively, presented a greater diversity of compounds potentially active against the control of gastrointestinal nematodes, which was associated with the results obtained in the applied tests.