Adaptive evolution of Toll-like receptor 5 in domesticated mammals

Previous studies have proposed that mammalian toll like receptors (TLRs) have evolved under diversifying selection due to their role in pathogen detection. To determine if this is the case, we examined the extent of adaptive evolution in the TLR5 gene in both individual species and defined clades of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BMC evolutionary biology 2012-07, Vol.12 (1), p.122-122, Article 122
Main Authors: Smith, Sarah A, Jann, Oliver C, Haig, David, Russell, George C, Werling, Dirk, Glass, Elizabeth J, Emes, Richard D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation, Biological - genetics
Adaptive evolution
Amino acids
Analysis
Animals
Bacteria - genetics
Cattle
Cattle - genetics
Chromosomes
Codon
Evolution
Evolution, Molecular
Evolutionary biology
Flagellin - genetics
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic research
Genetics
Host-Pathogen Interactions - genetics
Livestock
Livestock - genetics
Mammals
Physiological aspects
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Positive selection
Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Selection, Genetic
Sheep
Sheep - genetics
Single nucleotide polymorphisms
SNP
Toll-like receptor
Toll-Like Receptor 5 - genetics
Toll-like receptors
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Summary:Previous studies have proposed that mammalian toll like receptors (TLRs) have evolved under diversifying selection due to their role in pathogen detection. To determine if this is the case, we examined the extent of adaptive evolution in the TLR5 gene in both individual species and defined clades of the mammalia. In support of previous studies, we find evidence of adaptive evolution of mammalian TLR5. However, we also show that TLR5 genes of domestic livestock have a concentration of single nucleotide polymorphisms suggesting a specific signature of adaptation. Using codon models of evolution we have identified a concentration of rapidly evolving codons within the TLR5 extracellular domain a site of interaction between host and the bacterial surface protein flagellin. The results suggest that interactions between pathogen and host may be driving adaptive change in TLR5 by competition between species. In support of this, we have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in sheep and cattle TLR5 genes that are co-localised and co-incident with the predicted adaptive codons suggesting that adaptation in this region of the TLR5 gene is on-going in domestic species.
ISSN:1471-2148
1471-2148
DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-12-122