Mechanism and Therapeutic Prospect of miRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the smallest class of noncoding RNAs, which widely exist in animals and plants. They can inhibit translation or overexpression by combining with mRNA and participate in posttranscriptional regulation of genes, resulting in reduced expression of target proteins, affecting the d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Behavioural neurology 2023-11, Vol.2023, p.8537296-24
Main Authors: Ma, Ya-Min, Zhao, Lan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Apoptosis
Autophagy
Cell cycle
Clinical Trials as Topic
Degeneration
Development and progression
Disease
Disease susceptibility
Gene expression
Genes
Genomes
Health aspects
Humans
Insects
Kinases
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
MicroRNA
MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - metabolism
Nervous system
Neural networks
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative Diseases - genetics
Neurodegenerative Diseases - therapy
Neurons
Neurophysiology
Neurotoxicity
Older people
Pathology
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Proteins
Review
RNA polymerase
RNA, Messenger
Signal Transduction
Stem cells
Type 2 diabetes
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Summary:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the smallest class of noncoding RNAs, which widely exist in animals and plants. They can inhibit translation or overexpression by combining with mRNA and participate in posttranscriptional regulation of genes, resulting in reduced expression of target proteins, affecting the development, growth, aging, metabolism, and other physiological and pathological processes of animals and plants. It is a powerful negative regulator of gene expression. It mediates the information exchange between different cellular pathways in cellular homeostasis and stress response and regulates the differentiation, plasticity, and neurotransmission of neurons. In neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to the complex interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, miRNAs can serve as a promising diagnostic tool for diseases. They can also increase or reduce neuronal damage by regulating the body’s signaling pathways, immune system, stem cells, gut microbiota, etc. They can not only affect the occurrence of diseases and exacerbate disease progression but also promote neuronal repair and reduce apoptosis, to prevent and slow down the development of diseases. This article reviews the research progress of miRNAs on the mechanism and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the nervous system. This trial is registered with NCT01819545, NCT02129452, NCT04120493, NCT04840823, NCT02253732, NCT02045056, NCT03388242, NCT01992029, NCT04961450, NCT03088839, NCT04137926, NCT02283073, NCT04509271, NCT02859428, and NCT05243017.
ISSN:0953-4180
1875-8584
DOI:10.1155/2023/8537296