The Emergence of the Dose-Response Concept in Biology and Medicine

A historical assessment of the origin of the dose-response in modern toxicology and its integration as a central concept in biology and medicine is presented. This article provides an overview of how the threshold, linear and biphasic (i.e., hormetic) dose-response models emerged in the late 19th an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2016-12, Vol.17 (12), p.2034-2034
Main Author: Calabrese, Edward J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adaptive response
Biology
Biology - methods
biphasic
dose–response
History
History of Medicine
history of science
hormesis
Hormesis - physiology
linear non-threshold
Medicine
Medicine - methods
Models, Biological
Review
Science
threshold
Toxicology
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Summary:A historical assessment of the origin of the dose-response in modern toxicology and its integration as a central concept in biology and medicine is presented. This article provides an overview of how the threshold, linear and biphasic (i.e., hormetic) dose-response models emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and competed for acceptance and dominance. Particular attention is directed to the hormetic model for which a general description and evaluation is provided, including its historical basis, and how it was marginalized by the medical and pharmacology communities in the early decades of the 20th century.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms17122034