Pathological Circulating Factors in Moyamoya Disease

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a cerebrovascular disease that presents with vascular stenosis and a hazy network of collateral formations in angiography. However, the detailed pathogenic pathway remains unknown. Studies have indicated that in addition to variations in the of genetic factor , unusual circ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-02, Vol.22 (4), p.1696
Main Authors: Fang, Yao-Ching, Wei, Ling-Fei, Hu, Chaur-Jong, Tu, Yong-Kwang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiogenesis
Angiography
Animals
Biomarkers - blood
Cell adhesion & migration
Cells (biology)
cerebrovascular disease
Cerebrovascular diseases
circulating factor
collateral formations
Cytokines
Gene expression
Genetic diversity
Growth factors
Humans
Hyperplasia
Hypoxia
Inflammation
Morphology
Moyamoya disease
Moyamoya Disease - blood
Moyamoya Disease - pathology
Muscles
Neovascularization, Pathologic - pathology
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Pediatrics
Polymorphism
Progenitor cells
Proteins
Reparations
Review
RNF213
Smooth muscle
Stem cells
Stenosis
Vascular endothelial growth factor
Vascularization
Veins & arteries
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Description
Summary:Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a cerebrovascular disease that presents with vascular stenosis and a hazy network of collateral formations in angiography. However, the detailed pathogenic pathway remains unknown. Studies have indicated that in addition to variations in the of genetic factor , unusual circulating angiogenetic factors observed in patients with MMD may play a critical role in producing "Moyamoya vessels". Circulating angiogenetic factors, such as growth factors, vascular progenitor cells, cytokines, inflammatory factors, and other circulating proteins, could promote intimal hyperplasia in vessels and excessive collateral formation with defect structures through endothelial hyperplasia, smooth muscle migration, and atypical neovascularization. This study summarizes the hypothesized pathophysiology of how these circulating factors affect MMD and the interactive modulation between them.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22041696