Long-Term Outcome of Pediatric Patients with Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in a Single Center

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis in children. There is a high probability of recovery if treated promptly. We aimed to analyze the clinical features and long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. We...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Children (Basel) 2023-01, Vol.10 (2), p.182
Main Authors: Wu, Pei-Yu, Chi, Ching-Shiang, Tsai, Chi-Ren, Yang, Yao-Lun, Lee, Hsiu-Fen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) encephalitis
Antibodies
Apheresis
Autoimmune diseases
Behavior
Children
Consciousness
Convulsions & seizures
Diseases
Drug overdose
Dyskinesia
Dystonia
Electroencephalography
Encephalitis
Herpes viruses
Intensive care
Laboratories
Magnetic resonance imaging
mRS
outcome
Patient outcomes
Patients
Pediatric research
Pediatrics
Sleep disorders
treatment
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Summary:Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis in children. There is a high probability of recovery if treated promptly. We aimed to analyze the clinical features and long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. We conducted a retrospective study with definite diagnoses of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in 11 children treated in a tertiary referral center between March 2012 and March 2022. Clinical features, ancillary tests, treatment, and outcomes were reviewed. The median age at disease onset was 7.9 years. There were eight females (72.7%) and three males (27.3%). Three (27.3%) patients initially presented with focal and/or generalized seizures and eight (72.7%) with behavioral change. Seven patients (63.6%) revealed normal brain MRI scans. Seven (63.6%) had abnormal EEG results. Ten patients (90.1%) received intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroid, and/or plasmapheresis. After a median follow-up duration of 3.5 years, one patient was lost to follow-up at the acute stage, nine (90%) had an mRS ≤ 2, and only one had an mRS of 3. With the early recognition of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis based on its clinical features and ancillary tests, we were able to treat patients promptly with first-line treatment and achieve favorable neurological outcomes.
ISSN:2227-9067
2227-9067
DOI:10.3390/children10020182