Gaze Behavior and Positioning of Referee Teams during Three-Point Shots in Basketball

This study looks at the visual scan patterns of high-class basketball referees. Using mobile eye-tracking devices, referees’ gaze behavior was analyzed during the execution of three-point shots in the official pre-season games of Germany’s men’s professional basketball league. We evaluated the exten...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied sciences 2021-07, Vol.11 (14), p.6648
Main Authors: Klatt, Stefanie, Noël, Benjamin, Nicklas, André, Schul, Karsten, Seifriz, Florian, Schwarting, Alessa, Fasold, Frowin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ball watching
Basketball
Decision making
Eye movements
eye tracking
Handball
officiating
Sports
Sports officiating
team sport
Teams
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Summary:This study looks at the visual scan patterns of high-class basketball referees. Using mobile eye-tracking devices, referees’ gaze behavior was analyzed during the execution of three-point shots in the official pre-season games of Germany’s men’s professional basketball league. We evaluated the extent to which the referees fulfill the tasks assigned to them, where do they look, and to what extent does their gaze behavior overlap during a three-point shot. Results indicate that referees who are far away from the ball and are, therefore, not responsible for observing the actual shot, tend to comply with their areas of responsibility less often than referees standing nearer to the ball, i.e., they appear to observe the ball more than required (ball watching) at the expense of other areas that they are required to be observing at the beginning of the shooting process. However, referees spend a very small part of a three-point shot looking at the same areas of interest. This indicates that referee teams’ allocation of gaze is rather effective, remaining in line with FIBA recommendations and is presumably not the main cause for errors in officiating.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app11146648