Regulation of Pattern-Recognition Receptor Signaling by HBX During Hepatitis B Virus Infection

As a small DNA virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays a pivotal role in the development of various liver diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Among the molecules encoded by this virus, the HBV X protein (HBX) is a viral transactivator that plays a vital role in HBV replication a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2022-02, Vol.13, p.829923
Main Authors: You, Hongjuan, Qin, Suping, Zhang, Fulong, Hu, Wei, Li, Xiaocui, Liu, Dongsheng, Kong, Fanyun, Pan, Xiucheng, Zheng, Kuiyang, Tang, Renxian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
HBx
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B virus
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Immunology
nod-like receptors
pattern recognition receptors
Receptors, Pattern Recognition
retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors
Signal Transduction
toll-like receptors
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Summary:As a small DNA virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays a pivotal role in the development of various liver diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Among the molecules encoded by this virus, the HBV X protein (HBX) is a viral transactivator that plays a vital role in HBV replication and virus-associated diseases. Accumulating evidence so far indicates that pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are at the front-line of the host defense responses to restrict the virus by inducing the expression of interferons and various inflammatory factors. However, depending on HBX, the virus can control PRR signaling by modulating the expression and activity of essential molecules involved in the toll-like receptor (TLR), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR), and NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathways, to not only facilitate HBV replication, but also promote the development of viral diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that are linked to the regulation of PRR signaling mediated by HBX to inhibit innate immunity, regulation of viral propagation, virus-induced inflammation, and hepatocarcinogenesis. Given the importance of PRRs in the control of HBV replication, we propose that a comprehensive understanding of the modulation of cellular factors involved in PRR signaling induced by the viral protein may open new avenues for the treatment of HBV infection.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.829923