Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: A Comparative Empirical Study of Selected Developed and Developing Countries. “The Role of Exergy”

Diverse factors may have an impact in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions; thus, three main contributors, energy consumption, gross domestic product (GDP) and an exergy indicator are examined in this work. This study explores the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption by means of the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energies (Basel) 2018-10, Vol.11 (10), p.2668
Main Authors: Arango-Miranda, Raúl, Hausler, Robert, Romero-Lopez, Rabindranarth, Glaus, Mathias, Ibarra-Zavaleta, Sara
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carbon dioxide
Climate change
Developing countries
Economic development
Economic growth
Economic models
Economics
Emissions
Energy consumption
energy policy
Environmental degradation
Environmental indicators
Environmental quality
exergetic intensity
Exergy
exergy analysis
Fossil fuels
Global warming
greenhouse gases
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
LDCs
Thermodynamics
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Summary:Diverse factors may have an impact in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions; thus, three main contributors, energy consumption, gross domestic product (GDP) and an exergy indicator are examined in this work. This study explores the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption by means of the hypothesis postulated for the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Panel data for ten countries, from 1971 to 2014 have been studied. Despite a wide gamma of research on the EKC, the role of an exergy variable has not been tested to find the EKC; for this reason, exergy analysis is proposed. Exergy analyses were performed to propose an exergetic indicator as a control variable and a comparative empirical study is developed to study a multivariable framework with the aim to detect correlations between them. High correlation between CO2, GDP, energy consumption, energy intensity and trade openness are observed, on the other hand not statistically significant values for trade openness and energy intensity. The results do not support the EKC hypothesis, however exergy intensity opens the door for future research once it proves to be a useful control variable. Exergy provides opportunities to analyze and implement energy and environmental policies in these countries, with the possibility to link exergy efficiencies and the use of renewables.
ISSN:1996-1073
1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en11102668