CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND TOXICITY OF CITRUS ESSENTIAL OILS ON Dysmicoccus brevipes (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE)

• Published in: Caatinga 2017-09, Vol.30 (3), p.811-817
• Main Authors: MARTINS, GISELE DOS SANTOS OLIVEIRA, ZAGO, HUGO BOLSONI, COSTA, ADILSON VIDAL, ARAUJO JUNIOR, LUIS MOREIRA DE, CARVALHO, JOSÉ ROMÁRIO DE
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE; AGRONOMY; Citrus sinensis; FISHERIES; FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; FORESTRY; VETERINARY SCIENCES
• ISSN: 1983-2125; 0100-316X; 1983-2125
• DOI: 10.1590/1983-21252017v30n330rc

ABSTRACT The insect Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) has been reported as an important pest for several crops, especially coffee. The citrus essential oils can be obtained as by-products of the citrus-processing industry and have been tested as an alternative to control different insect groups. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the toxicity of commercial sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) and Sicilian lemon (Citrus limon) essential oils and pure monoterpene D-limonene on D. brevipes. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography. Two bioassays were conducted; the first assessing the insect mortality in all oils and the second assessing the lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC95) of the most effective oils. The main components of the oils were D-limonene (83.33%) and Linalool (8.91%) (sweet orange); D-limonene (78.53%) and γ-terpinene (12.65%) (bitter orange); D-limonene (59.78%), beta-pinene (14.71%) and γ-terpinene (10.19%) (Sicilian lemon) and the compound D-limonene had 97% of purity. The highest mortalities were found with the use of the Sicilian lemon (98.68%) and sweet orange (94.11%)oils. The sweet orange oil presented lethal concentrations at 2.21% (LC50) and 3.55% (LC95), and the Sicilian lemon oil at 0.72% (LC50) and 2.91% (LC95). The main component of the sweet orange and Sicilian lemon essential oils was the D-limonene, and the Sicilian lemon oil was most effective oil to control D. brevipes. RESUMO O inseto Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) tem sido relatado como uma praga de importância para diversas culturas, em especial a cafeicultura. Os óleos essenciais cítricos podem ser obtidos como subprodutos da indústria de sucos e vem sendo testados como alternativa no controle de diferentes grupos de insetos. Logo, objetivou-se neste trabalho determinar a composição química e avaliar a toxicidade de óleos essenciais comerciais de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis), laranja amarga (Citrus aurantium), limão Siciliano (Citrus limon) e do monoterpeno D-limoneno sobre a D. brevipes. Os óleos essenciais foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa. Foram realizados dois bioensaios. O primeiro para avaliar a mortalidade em todos os óleos e o segundo para avaliar as concentrações letais (CL50 e CL95) dos óleos mais efetivos. Os constituintes majoritários do óleo de laranja doce foram o D-limoneno (83,33%); linalol (8,91%), do óleo de lara