Noninvasive imaging biomarkers for liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: current and future

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly prevalent worldwide and becoming a major cause of liver disease-related morbidity and mortality. The presence of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD is closely related to prognosis, including the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical and molecular hepatology 2023-02, Vol.29 (Suppl), p.S136-S149
Main Authors: Yu, Jung Hwan, Lee, Han Ah, Kim, Seung Up
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Artificial Intelligence
Ascites
Biomarkers
Biopsy
Biopsy - adverse effects
Body mass index
diagnostic imaging
Elasticity Imaging Techniques - adverse effects
Elasticity Imaging Techniques - methods
Hepatitis
Humans
Liver - diagnostic imaging
Liver - pathology
Liver cancer
Liver cirrhosis
Liver Cirrhosis - complications
Liver Cirrhosis - diagnosis
Liver diseases
liver fibrosis
Liver Neoplasms - pathology
Magnetic resonance imaging
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - complications
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - diagnosis
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - pathology
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Obesity
Radiation
Review
Ultrasonic imaging
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Summary:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly prevalent worldwide and becoming a major cause of liver disease-related morbidity and mortality. The presence of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD is closely related to prognosis, including the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and other complications of cirrhosis. Therefore, assessment of the presence of significant or advanced liver fibrosis is crucial. Although liver biopsy has been considered the "gold standard" method for evaluating the degree of liver fibrosis, it is not suitable for extensive use in all patients with NAFLD owing to its invasiveness and high cost. Therefore, noninvasive biochemical and imaging biomarkers have been developed to overcome the limitations of liver biopsy. Imaging biomarkers for the stratification of liver fibrosis have been evaluated in patients with NAFLD using different imaging techniques, such as transient elastography, shear wave elastography, and magnetic resonance elastography. Furthermore, artificial intelligence and deep learning methods are increasingly being applied to improve the diagnostic accuracy of imaging techniques and overcome the pitfalls of existing imaging biomarkers. In this review, we describe the usefulness and future prospects of noninvasive imaging biomarkers that have been studied and used to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
ISSN:2287-2728
2287-285X
DOI:10.3350/cmh.2022.0436