Evaluation of Lung Volume and Effect of Vital Staining as Motivation to Quit Tobacco among Nicotine Dependents of Kanpur, India

• Published in: Pesquisa brasileira em odontopediatria e clínica integrada 2022-01, Vol.22
• Main Authors: Kumar, Amit, Nagarajappa, Ramesh, Ramesh, Gayathri, Chandra, Vishal, Ahuja, Ravish, Azad, Anurag
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE; Lung Volume Measurements; Nicotine; Spirometry; Tobacco
• ISSN: 1519-0501; 1983-4632; 1983-4632
• DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2022.045

Abstract Objective: To quantify and compare respiratory functions and further screen the oral mucosa of tobacco and non-tobacco users. Material and Methods: First control group, non-tobacco users (n=55); Second group, smokers’ group (n=168) who currently smoked cigarettes; Third group smokeless/chewing type, tobacco group (n=81); Fourth group, both smokeless and smoking type tobacco users (n=46). Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependences (FTND) and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) instruments were used to assess nicotine dependence. Subsequently, spirometry and Toluidine Blue (TB) vital staining were performed. Chi-squared and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis. Results: Fagerstrom test resulted in 48.8% of subjects with low dependency, followed by an increase in nicotine dependency from low to moderate (29.2%), moderate (15.6%), and highly dependent (6.4%) groups. All respiratory function tests and oral screening confirmed significant changes amongst tobacco and non-tobacco users. The forced vital capacity of non-smoker group was significantly different from other tobacco users’ group (p