Upregulated Apelin Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer Activates Oncogenic Signaling Pathways to Promote Tumor Development

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2022-09, Vol.23 (18), p.10600
• Main Authors: Chaves-Almagro, Carline, Auriau, Johanna, Dortignac, Alizée, Clerc, Pascal, Lulka, Hubert, Deleruyelle, Simon, Projetti, Fabrice, Nakhlé, Jessica, Frances, Audrey, Berta, Judit, Gigoux, Véronique, Fourmy, Daniel, Dufresne, Marlène, Gomez-Brouchet, Anne, Guillermet-Guibert, Julie, Cordelier, Pierre, Knibiehler, Bernard, Jockers, Ralf, Valet, Philippe, Audigier, Yves, Masri, Bernard
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma - pathology; AKT protein; Animal models; Animals; apelin; Apelin - metabolism; Apelin Receptors - metabolism; APJ; beta Catenin - metabolism; Biochemistry, Molecular Biology; Body fat; c-Myc protein; Cancer; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - genetics; Cell growth; Cell proliferation; Cellular Biology; Cyclin D1; Cyclin D1 - metabolism; G protein-coupled receptor; Gene expression; Glucagon; Glucose; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Insulin; Invasiveness; Kinases; Labeling; Lesions; Life Sciences; Ligands; Metabolism; Metastasis; Mice; Mutation; Myc protein; Oncogenes; Pancreatic cancer; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms - pathology; Peptides; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - genetics; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - metabolism; Signal Transduction; signaling; Therapeutic targets; Tumor cell lines; Tumor cells; Tumors; Xenografts; Xenotransplantation; β-Catenin
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810600

Despite decades of effort in understanding pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), there is still a lack of innovative targeted therapies for this devastating disease. Herein, we report the expression of apelin and its receptor, APJ, in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its protumoral function. Apelin and APJ protein expression in tumor tissues from patients with PDAC and their spatiotemporal pattern of expression in engineered mouse models of PDAC were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Apelin signaling function in tumor cells was characterized in pancreatic tumor cell lines by Western blot as well as proliferation, migration assays and in murine orthotopic xenograft experiments. In premalignant lesions, apelin was expressed in epithelial lesions whereas APJ was found in isolated cells tightly attached to premalignant lesions. However, in the invasive stage, apelin and APJ were co-expressed by tumor cells. In human tumor cells, apelin induced a long-lasting activation of PI3K/Akt, upregulated β-catenin and the oncogenes c-myc and cyclin D1 and promoted proliferation, migration and glucose uptake. Apelin receptor blockades reduced cancer cell proliferation along with a reduction in pancreatic tumor burden. These findings identify the apelin signaling pathway as a new actor for PDAC development and a novel therapeutic target for this incurable disease.