Dietary vitamin D ameliorates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory effects of diethylnitrosamine in rats

• Published in: Heliyon 2020-09, Vol.6 (9), p.e04842, Article e04842
• Main Authors: Adelani, I.B., Ogadi, E.O., Onuzulu, C., Rotimi, O.A., Maduagwu, E.N., Rotimi, S.O.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anti-inflammation; Antioxidant; Biochemistry; biomarkers; body weight; Diet; Diethylnitrosamine; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Inflammation; nitric oxide; Nutrition; Oxidative stress; pathogenesis; reactive oxygen species; Toxicology; Vitamin D
• ISSN: 2405-8440; 2405-8440
• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04842

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Its implication in inflammation has suggested a possible link between oxidative stress and activation/release of cytokines in precancerous states. Recent observational studies have suggested an association between inflammation and vitamin D deficiency; hence, suggesting that vitamin D could play a role in the pathogenesis of diseases. This study examined the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of vitamin D in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. Rats were divided into four experimental groups. While groups one and two were administered twice weekly with 30 mg/kg body weight DEN for six weeks, groups three and four were given normal saline. Groups one and three were fed with vitamin D deficient diet, while groups two and four were fed vitamin D diet during the experiment. After that, biomarkers of oxidative stress status were assayed spectrophotometrically. The concentration of inflammatory cytokines was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). DEN-induced vitamin D deficient diet group had increased antioxidant enzymes’ activities. Also, there were elevated concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and inflammatory cytokines in the same group. Vitamin D diet, however, reduced oxidative stress effects through the reduction in the activities of TBARS and caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in nitric oxide concentration. Vitamin D diet significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the level of interleukin 1β and TNF-α produced in the deficiency state. These findings show that vitamin D may play an essential role in the regulation of hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Nutrition; Biochemistry; Toxicology; Diet; Vitamin D, Antioxidant, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Anti-inflammation, Diethylnitrosamine.