Thrombospondin-Related Anonymous Protein (TRAP) Family Expression by Babesia bovis Life Stages within the Mammalian Host and Tick Vector

The tick-transmitted disease bovine babesiosis causes significant economic losses in many countries around the world. Current control methods include modified live-attenuated vaccines that have limited efficacy. Recombinant proteins could provide effective, safe, and low-cost alternative vaccines. W...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microorganisms (Basel) 2022-11, Vol.10 (11), p.2173
Main Authors: Masterson, Hayley E., Taus, Naomi S., Johnson, Wendell C., Kappmeyer, Lowell, Capelli-Peixoto, Janaina, Hussein, Hala E., Mousel, Michelle R., Hernandez-Silva, Diego J., Laughery, Jacob M., Mosqueda, Juan, Ueti, Massaro W.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anemia
Babesia
Babesia bovis
Babesiosis
Blood
Cattle
Control methods
Disease control
Disease transmission
Economic impact
Ectoparasites
Gene expression
Hemolymph
Immunofluorescence
infection
Laboratory animals
Metal ions
Ovaries
Parasites
Protein expression
Protein structure
Proteins
Sexual stages
Tertiary structure
Thrombospondin
Thrombospondin-related anonymous protein
Ticks
transmission
TRAP
Vaccines
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Summary:The tick-transmitted disease bovine babesiosis causes significant economic losses in many countries around the world. Current control methods include modified live-attenuated vaccines that have limited efficacy. Recombinant proteins could provide effective, safe, and low-cost alternative vaccines. We compared the expression of the Babesia bovis thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) family from parasites in bovine blood, in vitro induced sexual stages, and kinetes from tick hemolymph. Quantitative PCR showed that in blood and sexual stages, TRAP3 was highly transcribed as compared to the other TRAPs. In contrast, the TRAP1 gene was highly transcribed in kinetes as compared to the other TRAPs. Fixed immunofluorescence assays showed that TRAP2, 3, and 4 proteins were expressed by both blood and sexual stages. Conversely, TRAP1 protein, undetected on blood and induced sexual stages, was the only family member expressed by kinetes. Live IFA revealed that TRAP2, 3, and 4 proteins were expressed on the surface of both B. bovis blood and sexual stages. Modeling of B. bovis TRAP1 and TRAP4 tertiary structure demonstrated both proteins folded the metal-ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) domain structure of Plasmodium TRAP. In conclusion, TRAP proteins may serve as potential vaccine targets to prevent infection of bovine and ticks with B. bovis essential for controlling the spread of bovine babesiosis.
ISSN:2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI:10.3390/microorganisms10112173