An exploratory modelling study of perennial firn aquifers in the Antarctic Peninsula for the period 1979–2016

In this study, we focus on the model detection in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) of so-called perennial firn aquifers (PFAs) that are widespread in Greenland and Svalbard and are formed when surface meltwater percolates into the firn pack in summer, which is then buried by snowfall and does not refree...

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Published in:The cryosphere 2021-02, Vol.15 (2), p.695-714
Main Authors: van Wessem, J. Melchior, Steger, Christian R, Wever, Nander, van den Broeke, Michiel R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accumulation
Analysis
Aquifers
Atmospheric models
Atmospheric research
Climate
Climate models
Climatology
Densification
Density
Density profiles
Disintegration
Environmental Sciences
Firn
Firn density
Fluxes
Heat
Humidity
Hydraulic fracturing
Ice
Ice sheets
Ice shelves
Lakes
Land ice
Locations (working)
Meltwater
Moisture content
Mountains
Precipitation
Regional climates
Snow
Snowfall
Snowpack
Summer
Temperature
Topography
Water content
Winter
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description In this study, we focus on the model detection in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) of so-called perennial firn aquifers (PFAs) that are widespread in Greenland and Svalbard and are formed when surface meltwater percolates into the firn pack in summer, which is then buried by snowfall and does not refreeze during the following winter. We use two snow models, the Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht Firn Densification Model (IMAU-FDM) and SNOWPACK, and force these (partly) with mass and energy fluxes from the Regional Atmospheric Climate MOdel (RACMO2.3p2) to construct a 1979-2016 climatology of AP firn density, temperature, and liquid water content. An evaluation using 75 snow temperature observations at 10 m depth and density profiles from 11 firn cores shows that output of both snow models is sufficiently realistic to warrant further analysis of firn characteristics.
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identifier ISSN: 1994-0424
ispartof The cryosphere, 2021-02, Vol.15 (2), p.695-714
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subjects Accumulation
Analysis
Aquifers
Atmospheric models
Atmospheric research
Climate
Climate models
Climatology
Densification
Density
Density profiles
Disintegration
Environmental Sciences
Firn
Firn density
Fluxes
Heat
Humidity
Hydraulic fracturing
Ice
Ice sheets
Ice shelves
Lakes
Land ice
Locations (working)
Meltwater
Moisture content
Mountains
Precipitation
Regional climates
Snow
Snowfall
Snowpack
Summer
Temperature
Topography
Water content
Winter
title An exploratory modelling study of perennial firn aquifers in the Antarctic Peninsula for the period 1979–2016
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