Water Transport Characteristics of Multiple Structures of Xylem Vessels in Magnolia

The multiple structures of xylem vessels in Magnolia provide stable and efficient water transport channels. The structural parameters of xylem vessels were studied in wood sections and in macerated materials. The results showed that the xylem vessels of Magnolia contained a helical thickening struct...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Forests 2022-10, Vol.13 (10), p.1617
Main Authors: Xu, Tianyu, Zhi, Shuteng, Su, Yanru, Li, Zonglei, Zheng, Ennan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Boundary conditions
Canals (anatomy)
Diameters
Domains
Flow resistance
Flow velocity
Height
helical thickening
Hydraulic measurements
Magnolia
Measurement
Mechanical properties
Parameters
Perforation
Physiological aspects
Physiology
pit structure
Pressure distribution
radial transmission efficiency
scalariform perforation plate
Thickening
Transmission efficiency
Transport properties
vessel
Vessels
Water transport
Xylem
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Summary:The multiple structures of xylem vessels in Magnolia provide stable and efficient water transport channels. The structural parameters of xylem vessels were studied in wood sections and in macerated materials. The results showed that the xylem vessels of Magnolia contained a helical thickening structure and a pit structure of a secondary wall, and the end walls had a scalariform perforation plate. The helical thickening and scalariform perforation plate increased the flow resistance of the vessel, and the pit structure decreased the flow resistance of the vessel. There was a close positive correlation between the flow resistance of the vessels and the helical width, the helical height, the thickness of the scalariform perforation plate, the number of holes in the scalariform perforation plate, the length of the pit canal, and the pit spacing. In addition, there was a negative correlation between the flow resistance of the vessels and the helical spacing, the pit vertical diameter, and the pit domain length. Among these structural parameters, the helical height, the number of holes, and the length of pit canal had a greater influence on the flow resistance. The pit structure caused the vessel to produce radial water transport. The radial transmission efficiency increased with the increase in the pit domain length. With no pit membrane in the pit structure of Magnolia, the radial transmission efficiency would be between 43.99% and 53.21%.
ISSN:1999-4907
1999-4907
DOI:10.3390/f13101617