Portable Infrared-Based Glucometer Reinforced with Fuzzy Logic

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels owing to decreased insulin production or sensitivity. Current diagnostic approaches for gestational diabetes entail intrusive blood tests, which are painful and impractical for regular monitoring. Addi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biosensors (Basel) 2023-11, Vol.13 (11), p.991
Main Authors: Nazha, Hasan Mhd, Darwich, Mhd Ayham, Ismaiel, Ebrahim, Shahen, Anas, Nasser, Tamim, Assaad, Maher, Juhre, Daniel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accuracy
Acoustics
Blood
Blood glucose
Blood levels
Blood sugar monitoring
Calibration
Contact lenses
Design and construction
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diagnosis
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logic
Fuzzy systems
Gestational diabetes
Glucose
Glucose monitoring
Glucose monitors
Hyperglycemia
Infrared spectroscopy
Insulin
Lasers
Light
Machine learning
Metabolism
Methods
mid-infrared probe
Monitoring
Monitoring methods
Monitoring systems
Radiation
Skin
Spectrum analysis
tears
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Summary:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels owing to decreased insulin production or sensitivity. Current diagnostic approaches for gestational diabetes entail intrusive blood tests, which are painful and impractical for regular monitoring. Additionally, typical blood glucose monitoring systems are restricted in their measurement frequency and need finger pricks for blood samples. This research study focuses on the development of a non-invasive, real-time glucose monitoring method based on the detection of glucose in human tears and finger blood using mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The proposed solution combines a fuzzy logic-based calibration mechanism with an IR sensor and Arduino controller. This calibration technique increases the accuracy of non-invasive glucose testing based on MID absorbance in fingertips and human tears. The data demonstrate that our device has high accuracy and reliability, with an error rate of less than 3%, according to the EGA. Out of 360 measurements, 97.5% fell into zone A, 2.2% into zone B, and 0.3% into zone C of the Clarke Error Grid. This suggests that our device can give clinically precise and acceptable estimates of blood glucose levels without inflicting any harm or discomfort on the user.
ISSN:2079-6374
2079-6374
DOI:10.3390/bios13110991