Roles of airway and intestinal epithelia in responding to pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis

Epithelial cells form a resilient barrier and orchestrate defensive and reparative mechanisms to maintain tissue stability. This review focuses on gut and airway epithelia, which are positioned where the body interfaces with the outside world. We review the many signaling pathways and mechanisms by...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2024, Vol.14, p.1346087-1346087
Main Authors: Ambrogi, Marcela, Vezina, Chad M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive Immunity
Animals
barrier integrity
Epithelial Cells - microbiology
epithelial homeostasis
Homeostasis
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
immune signaling
Immunity, Innate
Intestinal Mucosa - immunology
Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism
Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology
Macrophages - immunology
Macrophages - microbiology
pathogen detection
Respiratory Mucosa - immunology
Respiratory Mucosa - microbiology
Signal Transduction
tissue repair
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Summary:Epithelial cells form a resilient barrier and orchestrate defensive and reparative mechanisms to maintain tissue stability. This review focuses on gut and airway epithelia, which are positioned where the body interfaces with the outside world. We review the many signaling pathways and mechanisms by which epithelial cells at the interface respond to invading pathogens to mount an innate immune response and initiate adaptive immunity and communicate with other cells, including resident microbiota, to heal damaged tissue and maintain homeostasis. We compare and contrast how airway and gut epithelial cells detect pathogens, release antimicrobial effectors, collaborate with macrophages, Tregs and epithelial stem cells to mount an immune response and orchestrate tissue repair. We also describe advanced research models for studying epithelial communication and behaviors during inflammation, tissue injury and disease.
ISSN:2235-2988
2235-2988
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1346087