Novel Biorecognition Elements against Pathogens in the Design of State-of-the-Art Diagnostics

Infectious agents, especially bacteria and viruses, account for a vast number of hospitalisations and mortality worldwide. Providing effective and timely diagnostics for the multiplicity of infectious diseases is challenging. Conventional diagnostic solutions, although technologically advanced, are...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biosensors (Basel) 2021-10, Vol.11 (11), p.418
Main Authors: Sande, Maria G., Rodrigues, Joana L., Ferreira, Débora, Silva, Carla J., Rodrigues, Ligia R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Antibiotics
Antibodies
Antigens
Antimicrobial agents
Aptamers
biorecognition
biosensor
Biosensors
CRISPR
diagnosis
Drug resistance
Enzymes
Identification
Imprinted polymers
Infections
Infectious diseases
Laboratories
Mortality
Nuclease
Nucleic acids
Pathogens
Peptide nucleic acids
Peptides
Phages
Polymers
Production costs
Review
Sensors
Viruses
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Summary:Infectious agents, especially bacteria and viruses, account for a vast number of hospitalisations and mortality worldwide. Providing effective and timely diagnostics for the multiplicity of infectious diseases is challenging. Conventional diagnostic solutions, although technologically advanced, are highly complex and often inaccessible in resource-limited settings. An alternative strategy involves convenient rapid diagnostics which can be easily administered at the point-of-care (POC) and at low cost without sacrificing reliability. Biosensors and other rapid POC diagnostic tools which require biorecognition elements to precisely identify the causative pathogen are being developed. The effectiveness of these devices is highly dependent on their biorecognition capabilities. Naturally occurring biorecognition elements include antibodies, bacteriophages and enzymes. Recently, modified molecules such as DNAzymes, peptide nucleic acids and molecules which suffer a selective screening like aptamers and peptides are gaining interest for their biorecognition capabilities and other advantages over purely natural ones, such as robustness and lower production costs. Antimicrobials with a broad-spectrum activity against pathogens, such as antibiotics, are also used in dual diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Other successful pathogen identification strategies use chemical ligands, molecularly imprinted polymers and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-associated nuclease. Herein, the latest developments regarding biorecognition elements and strategies to use them in the design of new biosensors for pathogens detection are reviewed.
ISSN:2079-6374
2079-6374
DOI:10.3390/bios11110418