Chemical Modification of Cellulose Using a Green Route by Reactive Extrusion with Citric and Succinic Acids

Cellulose is a natural, unbranched, and fibrous homopolymer that is a major component in several agroindustrial residues. The aim of this study was to extract cellulose from oat hulls and then to modify it using a green route to obtain esterified cellulose through reaction with organic acids employi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polysaccharides 2022-03, Vol.3 (1), p.292-305
Main Authors: Pereira, Jéssica Fernanda, Marim, Beatriz Marjorie, Mali, Suzana
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Caustic soda
Cellulose
Chemical modification
Esterification
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrophobicity
Infrared spectroscopy
Lignin
lignocellulosic residues
Moisture content
oat hull
Organic acids
reactive extrusion
Scanning electron microscopy
Sodium
Thermal stability
X-ray diffraction
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Summary:Cellulose is a natural, unbranched, and fibrous homopolymer that is a major component in several agroindustrial residues. The aim of this study was to extract cellulose from oat hulls and then to modify it using a green route to obtain esterified cellulose through reaction with organic acids employing the reactive extrusion process, which is a process that presents some advantages, including low effluent generation, short reaction times, and it is scalable for large scale use. Citric (CA) and succinic (SA) acids were employed as esterifying agents in different concentrations (0, 5, 12.5, and 20%). Modified cellulose samples were characterized by their degree of substitution (DS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (DRX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wettability, oil and water absorption capacities, and thermal stability. DS of modified samples ranged from 2.28 to 3.00, and FTIR results showed that the esterification occurred in all samples for both acids by observation of important bands at 1720 and 1737 cm−1 for samples modified with CA and SA, respectively. All modified samples presented increased hydrophobicity. The modification did not have an influence on the morphological structure or crystallinity pattern of all samples. This study proved to be possible to modify cellulose using a simple and ecofriendly process based on reactive extrusion with organic acids.
ISSN:2673-4176
2673-4176
DOI:10.3390/polysaccharides3010017