A Continuous Fixed Bed Adsorption Process for Fez City Urban Wastewater Using Almond Shell Powder: Experimental and Optimization Study

This study deals with the valorization of a biomaterial, almond shell, for the treatment of urban effluents of the city of Fez by a fixed bed column adsorption process. A parametric analysis of the process is carried out with conditions such as particle size, pH and height of the adsorbent bed to ev...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Catalysts 2022-12, Vol.12 (12), p.1535
Main Authors: Elmansouri, Ibtissame, Lahkimi, Amal, Kara, Mohammed, Hmamou, Anouar, Mouhri, Ghita El, Assouguem, Amine, Chaouch, Mehdi, Alrefaei, Abdulwahed Fahad, Kamel, Mohamed, Aleya, Lotfi, Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M., Eloutassi, Noureddine, Adachi, Abderrazzak, Bekkari, Hicham
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adsorbents
Adsorption
almond shell
Analysis
Biodegradability
Biological products
biomaterial
Biomedical materials
Catalysts
Chemical elements
Chemical reactions
Diffraction
Effluents
Environmental impact
Fixed beds
Fourier transforms
FTIR
Infrared spectroscopy
Optimization
Parameters
Parametric analysis
Particle size
Pollutants
Powders
Purification
Sewage
urban effluents
Wastewater
Water treatment
X-rays
XRD
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Summary:This study deals with the valorization of a biomaterial, almond shell, for the treatment of urban effluents of the city of Fez by a fixed bed column adsorption process. A parametric analysis of the process is carried out with conditions such as particle size, pH and height of the adsorbent bed to evaluate the optimal removal percent and obtain an optimal removal capacity of the adsorbent load. Characterization of the adsorbent prior to continuous adsorption was carried out by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption treatment seems to be influenced by certain parameters, such as the particle size of the biomaterial used, the height of the adsorption bed and the pH. The results suggest that this biomaterial can be used as a less expensive, available, biodegradable and very effective adsorbent to eliminate the load of urban waters on a small scale and why not on a large scale to replace chemicals in the treatment and to recover waste such as almond shell. The parameters measured reached maximum values varying between 82% for COD, 79% for EC and 71% for nitrite under well-defined operating conditions, with a particle size of 0.063 mm, a height column height of 7 cm and a pH of 6.5.
ISSN:2073-4344
2073-4344
DOI:10.3390/catal12121535