Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: Impacts from Pathogenesis to Lifestyle Modifications

Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes and its associated complications. The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the body’s antioxidant defence mechanisms leads to cellular damage and dysfunction. In diabetes, chronic hypergly...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current issues in molecular biology 2023-08, Vol.45 (8), p.6651-6666
Main Authors: Caturano, Alfredo, D’Angelo, Margherita, Mormone, Andrea, Russo, Vincenzo, Mollica, Maria Pina, Salvatore, Teresa, Galiero, Raffaele, Rinaldi, Luca, Vetrano, Erica, Marfella, Raffaele, Monda, Marcellino, Giordano, Antonio, Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
diet
lifestyle modifications
Mediterranean diet
oxidative stress
physical activity
Review
type 2 diabetes
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Summary:Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes and its associated complications. The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the body’s antioxidant defence mechanisms leads to cellular damage and dysfunction. In diabetes, chronic hyperglycaemia and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to increased ROS production, further exacerbating oxidative stress. This oxidative burden adversely affects various aspects of diabetes, including impaired beta-cell function and insulin resistance, leading to disrupted glucose regulation. Additionally, oxidative stress-induced damage to blood vessels and impaired endothelial function contribute to the development of diabetic vascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, organs and tissues throughout the body, including the kidneys, nerves, and eyes, are vulnerable to oxidative stress, resulting in diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Strategies to mitigate oxidative stress in diabetes include antioxidant therapy, lifestyle modifications, and effective management of hyperglycaemia. However, further research is necessary to comprehensively understand the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress in diabetes and to evaluate the efficacy of antioxidant interventions in preventing and treating diabetic complications. By addressing oxidative stress, it might be possible to alleviate the burden of diabetes and improve patient outcomes.
ISSN:1467-3045
1467-3037
1467-3045
DOI:10.3390/cimb45080420