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The Role of Exo-miRNAs in Cancer: A Focus on Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released into biological fluids where they act as carriers of various molecules, including proteins, lipids, and RNAs, between cells, modulating or perturbing specific physiological processes. Recently, it has been suggested that tumoral cells release excessive am...
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| Published in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2019-09, Vol.20 (19), p.4687 |
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| creator | Ingenito, Francesco Roscigno, Giuseppina Affinito, Alessandra Nuzzo, Silvia Scognamiglio, Iolanda Quintavalle, Cristina Condorelli, Gerolama |
| description | Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released into biological fluids where they act as carriers of various molecules, including proteins, lipids, and RNAs, between cells, modulating or perturbing specific physiological processes. Recently, it has been suggested that tumoral cells release excessive amounts of exosomes that, through their cargo, promote tumor progression, stimulating growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, insensitivity to chemotherapy, and immune evasion. Increasing evidence highlights exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRNAs) as important players in tumorigenesis. MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of small non-coding RNA able to regulate gene expression, targeting multiple mRNAs and inducing translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. Exo-miRNAs are highly stable and easily detectable in biological fluids, and for these reasons, miRNAs are potential cancer biomarkers useful diagnostically and prognostically. Furthermore, since exosomes are natural delivery systems between cells, they can be appropriately modified to carry therapeutic miRNAs to specific recipient cells. Here we summarize the main functions of exo-miRNAs and their possible role for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms20194687 |
| format | article |
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Here we summarize the main functions of exo-miRNAs and their possible role for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194687</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31546654</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Angiogenesis ; Ascites ; Biomarkers ; Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism ; Biosynthesis ; Brain cancer ; brain tumors ; Breast cancer ; cancer diagnosis ; cancer therapy ; Cell growth ; Chemotherapy ; Cytokines ; Diagnostic software ; exosome ; Exosomes ; Exosomes - metabolism ; Gastric cancer ; Gene expression ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Lipids ; Metastases ; Metastasis ; microRNA ; MicroRNAs ; MicroRNAs - genetics ; MicroRNAs - metabolism ; MicroRNAs - therapeutic use ; miRNA ; Neoplasms - diagnosis ; Neoplasms - genetics ; Neoplasms - metabolism ; Neoplasms - therapy ; Non-coding RNA ; Ovarian cancer ; Plasma ; Prognosis ; Proteins ; Review ; Therapeutic applications ; tumor microenvironment ; Tumor Microenvironment - genetics ; Tumorigenesis</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2019-09, Vol.20 (19), p.4687</ispartof><rights>2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Here we summarize the main functions of exo-miRNAs and their possible role for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.</description><subject>Angiogenesis</subject><subject>Ascites</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Brain cancer</subject><subject>brain tumors</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>cancer diagnosis</subject><subject>cancer therapy</subject><subject>Cell growth</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Diagnostic software</subject><subject>exosome</subject><subject>Exosomes</subject><subject>Exosomes - metabolism</subject><subject>Gastric cancer</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypoxia</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Metastases</subject><subject>Metastasis</subject><subject>microRNA</subject><subject>MicroRNAs</subject><subject>MicroRNAs - genetics</subject><subject>MicroRNAs - metabolism</subject><subject>MicroRNAs - 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genetics</topic><topic>Tumorigenesis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ingenito, Francesco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roscigno, Giuseppina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Affinito, Alessandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nuzzo, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scognamiglio, Iolanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quintavalle, Cristina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Condorelli, Gerolama</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>ProQuest research library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - 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| subjects | Angiogenesis Ascites Biomarkers Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism Biosynthesis Brain cancer brain tumors Breast cancer cancer diagnosis cancer therapy Cell growth Chemotherapy Cytokines Diagnostic software exosome Exosomes Exosomes - metabolism Gastric cancer Gene expression Humans Hypoxia Lipids Metastases Metastasis microRNA MicroRNAs MicroRNAs - genetics MicroRNAs - metabolism MicroRNAs - therapeutic use miRNA Neoplasms - diagnosis Neoplasms - genetics Neoplasms - metabolism Neoplasms - therapy Non-coding RNA Ovarian cancer Plasma Prognosis Proteins Review Therapeutic applications tumor microenvironment Tumor Microenvironment - genetics Tumorigenesis |
| title | The Role of Exo-miRNAs in Cancer: A Focus on Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications |
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