Renal Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a challenge on global healthcare and has tremendously impacted everyone’s lives. Vaccination is one of the most effective and vital strategies to halt the pandemic. However, new-onset and relapsed kidney diseases have been reported after COVID-19 vaccina...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccines (Basel) 2022-10, Vol.10 (11), p.1783
Main Authors: Zhang, Junfeng, Cao, Jiajia, Ye, Qing
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenoviruses
adverse reaction
Age
Anorexia
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
Autoantibodies
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccination
COVID-19 vaccines
Evaluation
Fever
Global health
Health care
Hematuria
Hemodialysis
Histopathology
Hypertension
IgA nephropathy
Immunoglobulin A
kidney disease
Kidney diseases
Kidneys
Nephritis
Pandemics
Pathogenesis
Patients
Remission (Medicine)
renal
Renal manifestations of general diseases
Review
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
side effect
Side effects
Steroids
Vasculitis
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Summary:Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a challenge on global healthcare and has tremendously impacted everyone’s lives. Vaccination is one of the most effective and vital strategies to halt the pandemic. However, new-onset and relapsed kidney diseases have been reported after COVID-19 vaccination. This narrative review was conducted to collect published data and generalize some hypotheses for the pathogenesis of renal side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: A systematic literature search of articles reporting renal adverse reactions, including in adults and children, in the PubMed and Web of Science databases until August 2022 was performed. Results: A total of 130 cases reporting a renal adverse reaction following COVID-19 vaccination from 90 articles were included in this review, of which 90 (69%) were new-onset kidney diseases, while 40 (31%) were relapsed kidney diseases. The most frequent renal side effects of COVID-19 vaccination were minimal change disease (52 cases), IgA nephropathy (48 cases), antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody vasculitis (16 cases), and acute interstitial nephritis (12 cases). Other renal side effects occurred at a much lower frequency. Follow-up data were available for 105 patients, and 100 patients (95%) responded to the treatments. Conclusions: The number of reported cases is far less than the hundreds of millions of vaccinations, and the benefit of COVID-19 vaccination far outweighs its risks. This review will assist healthcare professionals, particularly nephrologists, who should be aware of these side effects and recognize them early and treat them efficiently.
ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines10111783