Exploring Herbicidal Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Some Herbaceous Plants Against Parthenium Weed

• Published in: Advances in Weed Science 2016-03, Vol.34 (1), p.109-116
• Main Authors: SAFDAR, M.E., TANVEER, A., KHALIQ, A., ALI, H.H., BURGOS, N.R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: allelopathy; bio-herbicides; Bioassays; Biomass; Flowers & plants; Germination; Leaves; parthenium weed; Plant extracts; PLANT SCIENCES; Plants (botany); Reduction; seed germination; seedling growth; Seeds; Species; Vigor; weed management; Weeds
• ISSN: 0100-8358; 1806-9681; 0100-8358; 2675-9462
• DOI: 10.1590/S0100-83582016340100011

To assess the phytotoxic potential of Achyranthes aspera, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Datura metel and Rumex dentatus against Parthenium hysterophorus, 5% (w/v on dry weight basis) aqueous extracts from root, stem, leaf, flower and whole plant were tested through a Petri plate-based germination and pot-cultured seedling bioassays. Achyranthes aspera and A. philoxeroides inhibited parthenium weed germination more than extracts from other species. Whole plant, leaf and fruit extracts of A. aspera reduced the germination percentage (5%); leaf extract from A. philoxeroides caused lower germination index (0.4), higher mean germination time (14 d) and longer time to 50% germination (13.5 d) of parthenium weed. In the foliar spray bioassay, A. aspera reduced parthenium weed shoot growth more than the other species whereas R. dentatus caused more reduction in root growth. Whole plant extract from A. aspera caused maximum reduction in parthenium weed seedling vigor index (98%) and seedling biomass (96%). The aqueous extracts of A. aspera and A. philoxeroides contained higher concentrations of phenolics viz. gallic (16.9 mg L-1), caffeic (7.4 mg L-1), chromatotropic (63.8 mg L-1), p-coumaric (10.5 mg L-1), m-coumaric (3.1 mg L-1), syringic (9.21 mg L-1) and 4 hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic (118.6 mg L-1) acids compared with extracts of the other two species tested. Para avaliar o potencial fitotóxico de Achyranthes aspera, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Datura metel e Rumex dentatus sobre Parthenium hysterophorus, 5% (w/v em base seca) de extratos aquosos de raiz, caule, folha, flor e toda a planta foram testados através de germinação em placa de Petri e de bioensaios de sementes cultivadas em potes. A inibição da germinação de plantas de Parthenium por Achyranthes aspera e A. philoxeroides foi maior que a de extratos de outras espécies. Extratos de plantas e folhas e frutos inteiros de A. aspera reduziram a porcentagem de germinação (5%); o extrato de folha de A. philoxeroides provocou menor índice de germinação (0,4), maior tempo médio de germinação (14 d) e germinação por mais tempo a 50% (13,5 d) de Parthenium. No bioensaio de pulverização foliar, A. aspera reduziu mais o crescimento de rebentos de Parthenium do que as outras espécies, enquanto R. dentatus causou maior redução no crescimento radicular. O extrato de planta inteira de A. aspera causou redução máxima do índice de vigor de plântulas (98%) e da biomassa das plântulas (96%) de Parthenium. Os extratos aquoso