The Molecular Basis of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Genetics, Epigenetics, and Nutrition in AUD: An Amazing Triangle

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a very common and complex disease, as alcohol is the most widely used addictive drug in the world. This disorder has an enormous impact on public health and social and private life, and it generates a huge number of social costs. Alcohol use stimulates hypothalamic-pitu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-04, Vol.22 (8), p.4262
Main Authors: Siomek-Gorecka, Agnieszka, Dlugosz, Anna, Czarnecki, Damian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addictions
Alcohol use
alcohol use disorder
Alcoholism
Brain
Cytochrome
Dehydrogenases
Enzymes
Epigenetics
Ethanol
Fatty acids
Gene expression
Genes
Genetic engineering
Genetics
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Hypothalamus
Liver cancer
Liver diseases
Metabolism
Molecular modelling
Narcotics
Neurobiology
Nutrients
Nutrition
Pituitary
Polymorphism
Public health
Review
Sexual behavior
Vitamins
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Summary:Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a very common and complex disease, as alcohol is the most widely used addictive drug in the world. This disorder has an enormous impact on public health and social and private life, and it generates a huge number of social costs. Alcohol use stimulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses and is the cause of many physical and social problems (especially liver disease and cancer), accidental injury, and risky sexual behavior. For years, researchers have been trying to identify the genetic basis of alcohol use disorder, the molecular mechanisms responsible for its development, and an effective form of therapy. Genetic and environmental factors are known to contribute to the development of AUD, and the expression of genes is a complicated process that depends on epigenetic modulations. Dietary nutrients, such as vitamins, may serve as one these modulators, as they have a direct impact on epigenomes. In this review, we connect gathered knowledge from three emerging fields-genetics, epigenetics, and nutrition-to form an amazing triangle relating to alcohol use disorder.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22084262