Microbiological-Chemical Sourced Chondroitin Sulfates Protect Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against Oxidative Stress and Are Suitable for Hydrogel-Based Controlled Release

Chondroitin sulfates (CS) are a class of sulfated glycosaminoglycans involved in many biological processes. Several studies reported their protective effect against neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. CS are commonly derived from animal sources, but ethical concerns, the risk of c...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antioxidants 2021-11, Vol.10 (11), p.1816
Main Authors: Bedini, Emiliano, Iadonisi, Alfonso, Schiraldi, Chiara, Colombo, Laura, Albani, Diego, Petrini, Paola, Giordano, Carmen, Tunesi, Marta
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
agarose
Alzheimer's disease
Antioxidants
Arthritis
Bioavailability
Carbomer homopolymers
Cartilage
Cell culture
Chondroitin sulfate
Contamination
Controlled release
DMMB assay
Ethanol
FDA approval
Glycosaminoglycans
Hydrogels
Hydrogen peroxide
Molecular weight
Neuroblastoma
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neuroprotection
Osteoarthritis
Oxidative stress
Polymers
Reagents
Sodium hydroxide
sulfation pattern
Viscoelasticity
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Summary:Chondroitin sulfates (CS) are a class of sulfated glycosaminoglycans involved in many biological processes. Several studies reported their protective effect against neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. CS are commonly derived from animal sources, but ethical concerns, the risk of contamination with animal proteins, and the difficulty in controlling the sulfation pattern have prompted research towards non-animal sources. Here we exploited two microbiological-chemical sourced CS (i.e., CS-A,C and CS-A,C,K,L) and Carbopol 974P NF/agarose semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (i.e., P.NaOH.0 and P.Ethanol.0) to set up a release system, and tested the neuroprotective role of released CS against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. After assessing that our CS (1–100 µM) require a 3 h pre-treatment for neuroprotection with SH-SY5Y cells, we evaluated whether the autoclave type (i.e., N- or B-type) affects hydrogel viscoelastic properties. We selected B-type autoclaves and repeated the study after loading CS (1 or 0.1 mg CS/0.5 mL gel). After loading 1 mg CS/0.5 mL gel, we evaluated CS release up to 7 days by 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay and verified the neuroprotective role of CS-A,C (1 µM) in the supernatants. We observed that CS-A,C exhibits a broader neuroprotective effect than CS-A,C,K,L. Moreover, sulfation pattern affects not only neuroprotection, but also drug release.
ISSN:2076-3921
2076-3921
DOI:10.3390/antiox10111816