Molecular Mechanisms and Regulation of Mammalian Mitophagy

Mitochondria in the cell are the center for energy production, essential biomolecule synthesis, and cell fate determination. Moreover, the mitochondrial functional versatility enables cells to adapt to the changes in cellular environment and various stresses. In the process of discharging its cellul...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-12, Vol.11 (1), p.38
Main Authors: Choubey, Vinay, Zeb, Akbar, Kaasik, Allen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Animals
Antioxidants
Autophagy
BNIP3
Cell fate
Cell survival
DNA damage
FUNDC1
Humans
Kinases
Mammals - metabolism
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitophagy
Mitophagy - genetics
Models, Biological
Molecular modelling
Organelle Biogenesis
Oxidative stress
PARKIN
PINK1
Protein folding
Protein transport
Proteins
Quality control
Receptors, Cell Surface - metabolism
Review
Ubiquitin - metabolism
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Summary:Mitochondria in the cell are the center for energy production, essential biomolecule synthesis, and cell fate determination. Moreover, the mitochondrial functional versatility enables cells to adapt to the changes in cellular environment and various stresses. In the process of discharging its cellular duties, mitochondria face multiple types of challenges, such as oxidative stress, protein-related challenges (import, folding, and degradation) and mitochondrial DNA damage. They mitigate all these challenges with robust quality control mechanisms which include antioxidant defenses, proteostasis systems (chaperones and proteases) and mitochondrial biogenesis. Failure of these quality control mechanisms leaves mitochondria as terminally damaged, which then have to be promptly cleared from the cells before they become a threat to cell survival. Such damaged mitochondria are degraded by a selective form of autophagy called mitophagy. Rigorous research in the field has identified multiple types of mitophagy processes based on targeting signals on damaged or superfluous mitochondria. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of mammalian mitophagy and its importance in human health and diseases. We also attempted to highlight the future area of investigation in the field of mitophagy.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells11010038