How Stress Influences the Dynamic Plasticity of the Brain's Extracellular Matrix

Diffuse and structured extracellular matrix (ECM) comprise ∼20% of the brain's volume and play important roles in development and adult plasticity. Perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized ECM structures that surround certain types of neurons in the brain, emerge during the postnatal period, makin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 2022-01, Vol.15, p.814287-814287
Main Authors: Laham, Blake J, Gould, Elizabeth
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adults
amygdala
Behavior
Brain
Cellular Neuroscience
Cognition
Cognitive ability
Developmental plasticity
Extracellular matrix
Glycoproteins
hippocampus
Hyaluronic acid
Mental disorders
Neurogenesis
Neuroplasticity
Oscillations
perineuronal net
Perineuronal nets
prefrontal cortex
Roles
Stress
Synaptic plasticity
Therapeutic targets
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Summary:Diffuse and structured extracellular matrix (ECM) comprise ∼20% of the brain's volume and play important roles in development and adult plasticity. Perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized ECM structures that surround certain types of neurons in the brain, emerge during the postnatal period, making their development and maintenance potentially sensitive to experience. Recent studies have shown that stress affects diffuse ECM as well as PNNs, and that such effects are dependent on life stage and brain region. Given that the ECM participates in synaptic plasticity, the generation of neuronal oscillations, and synchronous firing across brain regions, all of which have been linked to cognition and emotional regulation, ECM components may be candidate therapeutic targets for stress-induced neuropsychiatric disease. This review considers the influence of stress over diffuse and structured ECM during postnatal life with a focus on functional outcomes and the potential for translational relevance.
ISSN:1662-5102
1662-5102
DOI:10.3389/fncel.2021.814287