Differences in Humoral Immune Response against the Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Different Immune Pathways

The intramuscular vaccine is the principal strategy to protect pigs from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), However, it is still difficult to control PRRSV effectively. This study infected piglets with PRRSV through intramuscular and intranasal inoculation. Subsequently, vi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2022-06, Vol.14 (7), p.1435
Main Authors: Li, Wen, Sun, Yangyang, Zhao, Shijie, Cui, Zhiying, Chen, Yu, Xu, Pengli, Chen, Jing, Zhang, Yina, Xia, Pingan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Animal diseases
Antibodies
Antibody response
Antigens
Care and treatment
Diagnosis
Disease
Hogs
IgG
Immune clearance
Immune response
Immune response (humoral)
Immune system
Infections
Influenza
Inoculation
Lavage
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic system
Medical research
Mucosa
mucosal immunity
NAs
Necropsy
Nucleotide sequence
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
PRRSV-2
Saliva
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SIgA
Taxonomy
Testing
Vaccines
Veterinary medicine
Viral antibodies
Viral infections
Viremia
Virulence
Viruses
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Summary:The intramuscular vaccine is the principal strategy to protect pigs from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), However, it is still difficult to control PRRSV effectively. This study infected piglets with PRRSV through intramuscular and intranasal inoculation. Subsequently, viral loads, anti-PRRSV antibody levels, and neutralizing antibodies (NAs) titers in both serum and saliva were monitored for 43 days. Meanwhile, tissues were obtained through necropsy at 43 days post-inoculation (dpi) to detect viral loads. The results indicated that viremia lasted from 3 to 31 dpi in both the inoculation groups, but the viruses survived in the lungs and lymph nodes after viremia clearance. The antibody response was detected from 11 dpi, but the response of NAs was delayed until 3–4 weeks. Furthermore, intranasal inoculation induced lower viral load levels than injection inoculation. In addition, positive SIgA and NAs levels were produced early, with higher levels through intranasal inoculation. Therefore, our data indicated that a more robust antibody response and lower virus loads could be induced by intranasal inoculation, and mucosal inoculation could be a suitable pathway for PRRSV vaccines.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v14071435