Neoantigen cancer vaccines: a new star on the horizon

Immunotherapy represents a promising strategy for cancer treatment that utilizes immune cells or drugs to activate the patient's own immune system and eliminate cancer cells. One of the most exciting advances within this field is the targeting of neoantigens, which are peptides derived from non...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancer biology & medicine 2023-12, Vol.21 (4), p.1-38
Main Authors: Li, Xiaoling, You, Jian, Hong, Liping, Liu, Weijiang, Guo, Peng, Hao, Xishan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antigens, Neoplasm - immunology
bioinformatics
Cancer Vaccines - immunology
Cancer Vaccines - therapeutic use
high-throughput sequencing
hla
Humans
immunotherapy
Immunotherapy - methods
neoantigen cancer vaccine
Neoplasms - immunology
Neoplasms - therapy
pdos
Precision Medicine - methods
Review
solid tumors
tcr
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Summary:Immunotherapy represents a promising strategy for cancer treatment that utilizes immune cells or drugs to activate the patient's own immune system and eliminate cancer cells. One of the most exciting advances within this field is the targeting of neoantigens, which are peptides derived from non-synonymous somatic mutations that are found exclusively within cancer cells and absent in normal cells. Although neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines have not received approval for standard cancer treatment, early clinical trials have yielded encouraging outcomes as standalone monotherapy or when combined with checkpoint inhibitors. Progress made in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics have greatly facilitated the precise and efficient identification of neoantigens. Consequently, personalized neoantigen-based vaccines tailored to each patient have been developed that are capable of eliciting a robust and long-lasting immune response which effectively eliminates tumors and prevents recurrences. This review provides a concise overview consolidating the latest clinical advances in neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines, and also discusses challenges and future perspectives for this innovative approach, particularly emphasizing the potential of neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines to enhance clinical efficacy against advanced solid tumors.
ISSN:2095-3941
DOI:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0395