Insights into the Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Symptoms in Central Nervous System Disorders: Implications for Early and Differential Diagnosis

Different psychopathological manifestations, such as affective, psychotic, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and impulse control disturbances, may occur in most central nervous system (CNS) disorders including neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Psychiatric symptoms often represent the cl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-04, Vol.22 (9), p.4440
Main Authors: Menculini, Giulia, Chipi, Elena, Paolini Paoletti, Federico, Gaetani, Lorenzo, Nigro, Pasquale, Simoni, Simone, Mancini, Andrea, Tambasco, Nicola, Di Filippo, Massimiliano, Tortorella, Alfonso, Parnetti, Lucilla
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Anxiety
Apathy
Biomarkers
Central nervous system
central nervous system disorders
Dementia disorders
Differential diagnosis
Frontotemporal dementia
Hallucinations
Huntingtons disease
Impulsive behavior
Inflammation
Mental depression
Multiple sclerosis
Nervous system
Neurobiology
neurodegenerative diseases
neuroinflammatory diseases
Neurological diseases
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Parkinson's disease
Pathophysiology
psychiatric symptoms
Psychosis
Review
Signs and symptoms
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Summary:Different psychopathological manifestations, such as affective, psychotic, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and impulse control disturbances, may occur in most central nervous system (CNS) disorders including neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Psychiatric symptoms often represent the clinical onset of such disorders, thus potentially leading to misdiagnosis, delay in treatment, and a worse outcome. In this review, psychiatric symptoms observed along the course of several neurological diseases, namely Alzheimer's disease, fronto-temporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis, are discussed, as well as the involved brain circuits and molecular/synaptic alterations. Special attention has been paid to the emerging role of fluid biomarkers in early detection of these neurodegenerative diseases. The frequent occurrence of psychiatric symptoms in neurological diseases, even as the first clinical manifestations, should prompt neurologists and psychiatrists to share a common clinico-biological background and a coordinated diagnostic approach.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22094440