Evaluation of Mycotoxins in Infant Breast Milk and Infant Food, Reviewing the Literature Data

In this review, an analysis focusing on mycotoxin determination in infant breast milk and infant food has been summarised for the last fifteen years of research focused on the intended population group of 1-9 months. The objective was to know the level of exposure of the child population to an estim...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2021-07, Vol.13 (8), p.535
Main Authors: Hernández, Marta, Juan-García, Ana, Moltó, Juan Carlos, Mañes, Jordi, Juan, Cristina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aflatoxin M1
Aflatoxins
Babies
Baby foods
Barley
Breast milk
Breastfeeding & lactation
Cereals
Consumption
Dietary Exposure - analysis
Edible Grain - chemistry
estimated daily intake
Food
Food consumption
Fruit - chemistry
Fungi
Humans
Humidity
Infant
infant cereals baby food
Infant Food - analysis
infant formula
Infant formulas
Infants
Literature reviews
Metabolites
Milk
Milk, Human - chemistry
mycotoxin
Mycotoxins
Mycotoxins - analysis
Neurotoxicity
Patulin
Public health
Review
Risk Assessment
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Summary:In this review, an analysis focusing on mycotoxin determination in infant breast milk and infant food has been summarised for the last fifteen years of research focused on the intended population group of 1-9 months. The objective was to know the level of exposure of the child population to an estimated daily intake (EDI) of mycotoxins from the consumption of habitual foods. The EDI was compared with the tolerable daily intake (TDI) established by EFSA to estimate risk. In breast milk, the high prevalence and levels were for samples from Africa (Egypt and Tanzania) with aflatoxin M1 (1.9 μg/L and 10%), and Asia (Iran) with ochratoxin-A (7.3 μg/L and 100%). In infant formulas, high incidences and values were for samples with aflatoxin M1 from Burkina Faso (167 samples, 84%, 87 μg/kg). In cereal products, the highest incidence was for DON from the United States (96 samples), and the highest value was an Italian sample (0.83 μg/kg of enniatin B). In fruit products, patulin was the most detected in Italian (78) and Spanish (24) samples. The highest risk was observed in breast milk during the first month of age, the highest EDI for aflatoxin M1 was reported for Egypt (344-595 ng/kg bw/day) and ochratoxin-A for Iran (97-167ng/kg bw/day), representing a public health problem.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins13080535