The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes

Gitelman’s (GS) and Bartter’s (BS) syndromes are rare, inherited autosomal recessive tubulopathies characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal sodium, chloride, and potassium and magnesium-wasting. While the treatment based on potassium, sodium, chloride, and magnesium supplementation i...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2021-08, Vol.13 (9), p.2960
Main Authors: Francini, Francesco, Gobbi, Laura, Ravarotto, Verdiana, Toniazzo, Silvia, Nalesso, Federico, Spinella, Paolo, Calò, Lorenzo A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alkalosis
Bartter’s syndrome
Carbohydrates
Chloride
Chlorides
Cooking
Diarrhea
Electrolytes
Food
Gitelman’s syndrome
Hypokalemia
Intestinal absorption
Magnesium
Metabolism
Mutation
nutritional therapy
Ostomy
Pain
Patients
Plasma
Potassium
potassium supplements
Review
Salt
Sodium
sucrosomial magnesium
Vegetables
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Gitelman’s (GS) and Bartter’s (BS) syndromes are rare, inherited autosomal recessive tubulopathies characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal sodium, chloride, and potassium and magnesium-wasting. While the treatment based on potassium, sodium, chloride, and magnesium supplementation in addition to other pharmacologic options are widely established, recommendations about the dietary approach to GS and BS still remain generic. In this review we focus on the dietary strategies to increase sodium, potassium, and magnesium intake in GS and BS patients. Potassium and magnesium-rich foods and supplements are considered together with those that may reduce through different mechanisms the potassium and magnesium plasma level. Magnesium supplementation is often poorly tolerated, causing abdominal pain and diarrhea in most patients. New formulations using liposome and, in particular, sucrosomial technology have been recently proposed for magnesium supplementation in order to increase magnesium supplement tolerability and intestinal absorption. The dietary approach to GS and BS may be very important in the therapeutic approach to these syndromes. Due to the relevance of the dietary approach to these syndromes, a nutritional counseling should always be recommended and the nutritionist should join nephrologists in the follow-up of GS and BS patient care.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu13092960