Wearable inertial sensor system towards daily human kinematic gait analysis: benchmarking analysis to MVN BIOMECH

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-04, Vol.20 (8), p.2185
• Main Authors: Figueiredo, Joana, Carvalho, Simão P., Vilas-Boas, João Paulo, Gonçalves, L. M., Moreno, Juan C., Santos, Cristina
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acceleration; Accelerometers; Accelerometry - instrumentation; Accelerometry - methods; Accuracy; Adult; Algorithms; Angular velocity; Benchmarks; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biomechanics; Calibration; Design; Eletrónica e Informática; Engenharia e Tecnologia; Engenharia Eletrotécnica; Gait; Gait - physiology; gait analysis; Gyroscopes; human daily motion analysis; Humans; inertial sensors; Joints - physiology; Kinematics; Machine learning; Male; Microelectromechanical systems; Network reliability; Open architectures; Real time; Regression Analysis; Science & Technology; sensor fusion; Sensors; Software; Terrain; Third party; Usability; Walking; Waveforms; Wearable Electronic Devices; wearable sensors; Wearable technology; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s20082185

This paper presents a cost- and time-effective wearable inertial sensor system, the InertialLAB. It includes gyroscopes and accelerometers for the real-time monitoring of 3D-angular velocity and 3D-acceleration of up to six lower limbs and trunk segment and sagittal joint angle up to six joints. InertialLAB followed an open architecture with a low computational load to be executed by wearable processing units up to 200 Hz for fostering kinematic gait data to third-party systems, advancing similar commercial systems. For joint angle estimation, we developed a trigonometric method based on the segments’ orientation previously computed by fusion-based methods. The validation covered healthy gait patterns in varying speed and terrain (flat, ramp, and stairs) and including turns, extending the experiments approached in the literature. The benchmarking analysis to MVN BIOMECH reported that InertialLAB provides more reliable measures in stairs than in flat terrain and ramp. The joint angle time-series of InertialLAB showed good waveform similarity (>0.898) with MVN BIOMECH, resulting in high reliability and excellent validity. User-independent neural network regression models successfully minimized the drift errors observed in InertialLAB’s joint angles (NRMSE < 0.092). Further, users ranked InertialLAB as good in terms of usability. InertialLAB shows promise for daily kinematic gait analysis and real-time kinematic feedback for wearable third-party systems. This work has been supported in part by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) with the Reference Scholarship under Grant SFRH/BD/108309/2015 and SFRH/BD/147878/2019, by the FEDER Funds through the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte and national funds from FCT with the project SmartOs under Grant NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-030386, and through the COMPETE 2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI)—with the Reference Project under Grant POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006941.