Ecological features and insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus in Xi'an, a high-risk dengue transmission area in China

Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease, has occurred in many cities in China, and it tends to spread to higher latitudes (Huang et al., 2023). Xi'an, situated in central-west China, has witnessed an increase imported cases in the past few years, raising concerns of local dengue transmission. It...

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Published in:PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) CA), 2024-10, Vol.12, p.e18246, Article e18246
Main Authors: Lei, Xiaogang, Pang, Songtao, Zhang, Qipeng, Xu, Kun, Xue, Wei, Wu, Mingxu, Li, Xiangdong, Jin, Liangdong, Li, Guangshuai, Chen, Baozhong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aedes - drug effects
Aedes - virology
Aedes albopictus
Animals
China - epidemiology
Dengue
Dengue - epidemiology
Dengue - transmission
Enzyme inhibitors
Female
Health aspects
Humans
Insecticide Resistance
Insecticides - pharmacology
Insecticides resistance
Larva - drug effects
Larva - virology
Meteorological factors
Mosquito Vectors - drug effects
Pesticide resistance
Population Density
Surveys
Weather
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Summary:Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease, has occurred in many cities in China, and it tends to spread to higher latitudes (Huang et al., 2023). Xi'an, situated in central-west China, has witnessed an increase imported cases in the past few years, raising concerns of local dengue transmission. It is crucial to investigate the population density of and its insecticides resistance to enhance early warning of dengue fever. Eight sampling sites in eight counties (YT, BL, WY, CH, YL, LN, LT, ZZ) of Xi'an city were surveyed by larval dipping and human-baited double net trap biweekly from June 2021 to September 2022. The Breteau Index (BI, number of positive containers per 100 houses) and Container Index (CI, the percentage of containers containing larvae or pupae) were used to assess larval density, and the human-baited double net trap (HDN, the number of females collected per person per hour) to indicate human bating rate (HBR). Meanwhile, the association between the meteorological factors and mosquito density was analyzed. The adult insecticides resistance was evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO) standard resistance bioassay. Adult females were exposed to insecticide-impregnated paper for 1 h, then transferred to the recovery tube, and mortality rate was calculated after 24 h. According to the Implementation Plan for National Vector Surveillance (2016), resistance status was classified into three levels based on mortality: 98% mortality as sensitive. From June 2021 to September 2022, a total of 1,065 houses were surveyed for water holding containers, and 99 of 430 water holding containers were checked to be positive for larvae and pupae. A total of 1,048 females were collected. The average BI, CI and HBR were 10.39, 21.41, and 11.20 female/man/hour in 2021 and 8.86, 20.86, and 11.63 f/m/h in 2022, respectively. The findings showed that the BI exceeded 5 in most months and reached above 20 in specific months. The CI varied in different months and monitoring sites, with the highest CI in August 2021 and July 2022. The discarded tires had the highest positivity rate, with up to 40.32% testing positive for larvae. The monthly average temperature showed a positive correlation with CI ( = 0.77), and the monthly BI was positively associated with CI ( = 0.93). The BI, CI, and HBR were significantly higher in the rainy season than other seasons. The bioassay results showed
ISSN:2167-8359
2167-8359
DOI:10.7717/peerj.18246