Rapid increase in pertactin-deficient Bordetella pertussis isolates, Australia

Acellular vaccines against Bordetella pertussis were introduced in Australia in 1997. By 2000, these vaccines had replaced whole-cell vaccines. During 2008-2012, a large outbreak of pertussis occurred. During this period, 30% (96/320) of B. pertussis isolates did not express the vaccine antigen pert...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Emerging infectious diseases 2014-04, Vol.20 (4), p.626-633
Main Authors: Lam, Connie, Octavia, Sophie, Ricafort, Lawrence, Sintchenko, Vitali, Gilbert, Gwendolyn L, Wood, Nicholas, McIntyre, Peter, Marshall, Helen, Guiso, Nicole, Keil, Anthony D, Lawrence, Andrew, Robson, Jenny, Hogg, Geoff, Lan, Ruiting
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alleles
Analysis
Antigens, Bacterial - genetics
Antigens, Bacterial - immunology
Australia
bacteria
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - genetics
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - immunology
Bordetella pertussis
Bordetella pertussis - genetics
Bordetella pertussis - immunology
Bordetella pertussis - isolation & purification
Causes of
Demographic aspects
evolution
Expedited
Gene expression
Patient outcomes
pertactin
Pertussis Toxin - genetics
Pertussis Toxin - immunology
Pertussis Vaccine - immunology
Physiological aspects
Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)
vaccine
Virulence Factors, Bordetella - genetics
Virulence Factors, Bordetella - immunology
Whooping Cough - immunology
Whooping Cough - microbiology
Whooping Cough - prevention & control
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Summary:Acellular vaccines against Bordetella pertussis were introduced in Australia in 1997. By 2000, these vaccines had replaced whole-cell vaccines. During 2008-2012, a large outbreak of pertussis occurred. During this period, 30% (96/320) of B. pertussis isolates did not express the vaccine antigen pertactin (Prn). Multiple mechanisms of Prn inactivation were documented, including IS481 and IS1002 disruptions, a variation within a homopolymeric tract, and deletion of the prn gene. The mechanism of lack of expression of Prn in 16 (17%) isolates could not be determined at the sequence level. These findings suggest that B. pertussis not expressing Prn arose independently multiple times since 2008, rather than by expansion of a single Prn-negative clone. All but 1 isolate had ptxA1, prn2, and ptxP3, the alleles representative of currently circulating strains in Australia. This pattern is consistent with continuing evolution of B. pertussis in response to vaccine selection pressure.
ISSN:1080-6040
1080-6059
DOI:10.3201/eid2004.131478