Formamidinium Perovskite Deposition in Ambient Air Environment for Inverted p-i-n Solar Cells

In order to move towards large-scale fabrication, perovskite solar cells need to detach themselves from strictly controlled environmental conditions and, to this end, fabrication in ambient air is highly desirable. Formamidinium iodide perovskite (FAPI) is one of the most promising perovskites but i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-01, Vol.14 (1), p.107
Main Authors: Vanni, Nadir, Pò, Riccardo, Biagini, Paolo, Bravetti, Gianluca, Carallo, Sonia, Giuri, Antonella, Rizzo, Aurora
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air temperature
ambient air deposition
Analysis
Deposition
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethylformamide
Efficiency
Environmental conditions
Fabrication
FAPI
Formulations
Identification and classification
inverted perovskite solar cells
Iodides
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Perovskite
Perovskites
Phase transitions
Phosphonic acids
Photovoltaic cells
Properties
Room temperature
Self-assembly
Solar batteries
Solar cells
Solvents
Wettability
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Summary:In order to move towards large-scale fabrication, perovskite solar cells need to detach themselves from strictly controlled environmental conditions and, to this end, fabrication in ambient air is highly desirable. Formamidinium iodide perovskite (FAPI) is one of the most promising perovskites but is also unstable at room temperature, which may make the ambient air deposition more difficult. Herein, we investigated different formulations of pure FAPI for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in air. We found that formulations using a mixture of N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF): N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and only dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are suitable for the deposition in air. To fabricate inverted p-i-n solar cells, we tested different hole transporting layers (HTLs) and observed the effects on the wettability of the perovskite solution and on the performance. A self-assembly monolayer of 2PACz (2-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) was found to be the best option as a HTL, allowing us to achieve efficiencies >15% on both FTO and ITO.
ISSN:2079-4991
2079-4991
DOI:10.3390/nano14010107