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Endophytes of Brazilian Medicinal Plants With Activity Against Phytopathogens
Plant diseases caused by phytopathogens are responsible for significant crop losses worldwide. Resistance induction and biological control have been exploited in agriculture due to their enormous potential. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi of leaves and...
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Published in: | Frontiers in microbiology 2021-09, Vol.12, p.714750-714750 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
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Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Plant diseases caused by phytopathogens are responsible for significant crop losses worldwide. Resistance induction and biological control have been exploited in agriculture due to their enormous potential. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi of leaves and petioles of medicinal plants
Vochysia divergens
and
Stryphnodendron adstringens
located in two regions of high diversity in Brazil, Pantanal, and Cerrado, respectively. We recovered 1,304 fungal isolates and based on the characteristics of the culture, were assigned to 159 phenotypes. One isolate was selected as representative of each phenotype and studied for antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens. Isolates with better biological activities were identified based on DNA sequences and phylogenetic analyzes. Among the 159 representative isolates, extracts from 12 endophytes that inhibited the mycelial growth (IG) of
Colletotrichum abscissum
(≥40%) were selected to expand the antimicrobial analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were determined against citrus pathogens,
C. abscissum
,
Phyllosticta citricarpa
and
Xanthomonas citri
subsp.
citri
and the maize pathogen
Fusarium graminearum
. The highest activity against
C. abscissum
were from extracts of
Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum
CMRP4328 (IG: 83% and MIC: 40 μg/mL) and
Diaporthe vochysiae
CMRP4322 (IG: 75% and MIC: 1 μg/mL), both extracts also inhibited the development of post-bloom fruit drop symptoms in citrus flowers. The extracts were promising in inhibiting the mycelial growth of
P. citricarpa
and reducing the production of pycnidia in citrus leaves. Among the isolates that showed activity, the genus
Diaporthe
was the most common, including the new species
D. cerradensis
described in this study. In addition, high performance liquid chromatography, UV detection, and mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography analyzes of extracts produced by endophytes that showed high activity, indicated
D. vochysiae
CMRP4322 and
P. stromaticum
CMRP4328 as promising strains that produce new bioactive natural products. We report here the capacity of endophytic fungi of medicinal plants to produce secondary metabolites with biological activities against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. The description of the new species
D. cerradensis
, reinforces the ability of medicinal plants found in Brazil to host a diverse group of fungi with biotechnological potential. |
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ISSN: | 1664-302X 1664-302X |
DOI: | 10.3389/fmicb.2021.714750 |